关于山楂的古诗
1、[唐] 李贺 《相和歌辞江南曲》
汀洲白苹草，柳恽乘马归。江头楂树香，岸上蝴蝶飞。
酒杯若叶露，玉轸蜀桐虚。朱楼通水陌，沙暖一双鱼。
白话释义
水中小洲上的芹菜像草翠绿，而唐朝宰相柳恽却乘马归西。
江边的楂树散发出缕缕清香，岸上成群结队蝴蝶悠然飞翔。
接一酒杯箬竹叶露当酒相祭，弹一曲高雅的曲子送给他听。
红楼通向水边处有一条小路，暧水的沙滩边游着两条小鱼。
2、[宋] 张至龙 《东林寺》
满院香风乍熟楂，猴孙抱子坐枯槎。
头陀不惯迎宾客，自折芙蓉供释迦。
白话释义
满院香风刚熟楂，猴孙抱着孩子坐在枯枝。头陀不习惯去迎接宾客，从折芙蓉供释迦牟尼。
3、[唐] 万楚 《题江潮庄壁》
田家喜秋熟，岁晏林叶稀。禾黍积场圃，楂梨垂户扉。
野闲犬时吠，日暮牛自归。时复落花酒，茅斋堪解衣。
白话释义
种田人家喜欢秋天成熟，岁末林叶稀。粮食堆场圃，楂、梨垂户门。野犬时叫闲，一天晚上牛自己回家。时间又花落酒，茅屋可以脱下衣服。
4、[宋] 彭龟年 《和徐思叔谢向大夫惠柑四首》
满满风霜味正肥，厥包万里逐雕题。
封君莫羡传柑宠，清爽何如楂与梨。
白话释义
满满风霜味纯正肥，他的包里追逐雕题。封君不要羡慕传柑受宠，清爽如何楂和梨。
5、[唐] 李咸用 《和吴处士题村叟壁》
秋果楂梨涩，晨羞笋蕨鲜。衣蓑留冷阁，席草种闲田。
椎髻担铺饷，庞眉识稔年。吓鹰刍戴笠，驱犊筱充鞭。
不重官于社，常尊食作天。谷深青霭蔽，峰迥白云缠。
每忆关魂梦，长夸表爱怜。览君书壁句，诱我率成篇。
白话释义
秋楂、梨形果，清晨美味竹笋鲜蕨菜。穿着蓑衣留冷阁，席草种闲田。椎形发髻担铺供应，庞眉认识丰收年。吓唬鹰和戴着笠，赶牛筱充当鞭子。不重官在社，常食作天子尊。谷深青霭遮蔽，峰迥白云缠。每当想起关魂梦，长夸表爱。看你在墙壁上句，引诱我率领成功篇。
山楂英文介绍
如题要关于中药的山楂 Hawthor（Crataegus）又称山里红，是一个蔷薇科苹果亚科的属，山楂英文介绍：
========
Crataegus
========
Hawthorn (Crataegus) is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the family Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North America. The name hawthorn was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe, especially the Common Hawthorn C. monogyna, and the unmodified name is often so used in Britain and Ireland. However the name is now also applied to the entire genus, and also to the related Asian genus Rhaphiolepis.
They are shrubs and small trees growing to 5-15 m tall, characterized by their small pome fruit and thorny branches. The bark is smooth grey in young individuals, developing shallow longitudinal fissures with narrow ridges in older trees. The fruits are sometimes known as "haws", from which the name derived. The thorns grow from branches, and are typically 1-3 cm long. The leaves grow spirally arranged on long shoots, and in clusters on spur shoots on the branches or twigs. The leaves themselves have lobed or serrate margins and are somewhat variable shape.
The number of species in the genus depends on taxonomic interpretation, with numerous apomictic microspecies; some botanists recognise a thousand or more species, while others reduce the number to 200 or fewer.
Hawthorns provide food and shelter for many species of birds and mammals, and the flowers are important for many nectar-feeding insects. Hawthorns are also used as food plants by the larvae of a large number Lepidoptera species.
Many species and hybrids are used as ornamental and street trees. The Common Hawthorn is extensively used in Europe as a hedge plant. Several cultivars of th搜趣网e Midland Hawthorn C. laevigata have been selected for their pink or red flowers. Hawthorns are among the trees most recommended 搜趣网for water-conservation landscapes.
Culinary use
The fruits of the species Crataegus pinnatifida (Chinese Hawthorn) are tart, bright red, and resemble small crabapple fruits. They are used to make many kinds of Chinese snacks, including haw flakes and tanghulu (糖葫芦). The fruits, which are called shānzhā (山楂) in Chinese, are also used to produce jams, jellies, juices, alcoholic beverages, and other drinks. In South Korea, a liquor called sansachun (산사춘) is made from the fruits. To the western palate, drinks made from the fruits taste similar to barbecue sauce.
The fruits of Crataegus pubescens are known in Mexico as tejocotes and are eaten raw, cooked, or in jam during the winter months. They are stuffed in the piñatas broken during the traditional pre-Christmas parties known as posadas. They are also cooked with other fruits to prepare a Christmas punch. The mixture of tejocote paste, sugar, and chili powder produces a popular Mexican candy called rielitos, which is manufactured by several brands.
In the southern United States fruits of three native species are collectively known as mayhaws and are made into jellies which are considered a great delicacy. In Canada, where hawthorns are strongly associated with the culture of Manitoulin Island, the fruits are commonly known as hawberries.
The leaves are edible and, if picked in the months of April and May, they are tender enough to be used in salads.
Medicinal use
The dried fruits of Crataegus pinnatifida (called 山楂 or shān zhā in Chinese) are used in naturopathic medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, primarily as a digestive aid. A closely related species, Crataegus cuneata (Japanese Hawthorn, called sanzash//www.souquanme.comi in Japanese) is used in a similar manner. Other species (especially Crataegus laevigata) are used in Western herbal medicine, where the plant is believed to strengthen cardiovascular function. In recent years, this use has been noted and adopted by Chinese herbalists as well. Hawthorn is also used as an aid to lower blood pressure, and treat some heart related dis搜趣网eases.
Clinical trwww.souquanme.comials
Several clinical trials have assessed the ability of hawthorn to help improve exercise tolerance in people with NYHA class II cardiac insufficiency compared to placebo. One trial, at (300mg/day) for 4 to 8 weeks, found no difference from placebo. The second trial, including 78 subjects (600mg/day) for 8 weeks, found "significant improvement in exercise tolerance" and lower blood pressure and heart rate during exercise. The third trial, including 32 subjects (900mg/day) for 8 weeks, found improved exercise tolerance as well as a reduction in the "incidence and severity of symptoms such as dyspnea" and fatigue decreased by approximately 50%.
In the HERB-CHF (Hawthorn Extract Randomized Blinded Chronic HF Study) clinical trial, 120 patients took 450mg of hawthorn extract twice daily for 6 months in combination with standard therapy and a standardized exercise program. "No effects of hawthorn were seen on either quality-of-life endpoint (Tables 1 and 2), or when adjusted for LVEF".
One study, consisting of 1011 patients taking one tablet (standardized to 84.3mg procyanidin) twice daily for 24 weeks, found "improvements in clinical symptoms (such as fatigue, palpitations, and exercise dyspnea), performance and exercise tolerance test, and ejection fraction".
Other uses
The wood of some hawthorn species is very hard and resistant to rot. In rural North America it was prized for use as tool handles and fence posts.
Side effects
Overdose can cause cardiac arrhythmia and dangerously lower blood pressure. Milder side effects include nausea and sedation.
========
Crataegus
========
Hawthorn (Crataegus) is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the family Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North America. The name hawthorn was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe, especially the Common Hawthorn C. monogyna, and the unmodified name is often so used in Britain and Ireland. However the name is now also applied to the entire genus, and also to the related Asian genus Rhaphiolepis.
They are shrubs and small trees growing to 5-15 m tall, characterized by their small pome fruit and thorny branches. The bark is smooth grey in young individuals, developing shallow longitudinal fissures with narrow ridges in older trees. The fruits are sometimes known as "haws", from which the name derived. The thorns grow from branches, and are typically 1-3 cm long. The leaves grow spirally arranged on long shoots, and in clusters on spur shoots on the branches or twigs. The leaves themselves have lobed or serrate margins and are somewhat variable shape.
The number of species in the genus depends on taxonomic interpretation, with numerous apomictic microspecies; some botanists recognise a thousand or more species, while others reduce the number to 200 or fewer.
Hawthorns provide food and shelter for many species of birds and mammals, and the flowers are important for many nectar-feeding insects. Hawthorns are also used as food plants by the larvae of a large number Lepidoptera species.
Many species and hybrids are used as ornamental and street trees. The Common Hawthorn is extensively used in Europe as a hedge plant. Several cultivars of th搜趣网e Midland Hawthorn C. laevigata have been selected for their pink or red flowers. Hawthorns are among the trees most recommended 搜趣网for water-conservation landscapes.
Culinary use
The fruits of the species Crataegus pinnatifida (Chinese Hawthorn) are tart, bright red, and resemble small crabapple fruits. They are used to make many kinds of Chinese snacks, including haw flakes and tanghulu (糖葫芦). The fruits, which are called shānzhā (山楂) in Chinese, are also used to produce jams, jellies, juices, alcoholic beverages, and other drinks. In South Korea, a liquor called sansachun (산사춘) is made from the fruits. To the western palate, drinks made from the fruits taste similar to barbecue sauce.
The fruits of Crataegus pubescens are known in Mexico as tejocotes and are eaten raw, cooked, or in jam during the winter months. They are stuffed in the piñatas broken during the traditional pre-Christmas parties known as posadas. They are also cooked with other fruits to prepare a Christmas punch. The mixture of tejocote paste, sugar, and chili powder produces a popular Mexican candy called rielitos, which is manufactured by several brands.
In the southern United States fruits of three native species are collectively known as mayhaws and are made into jellies which are considered a great delicacy. In Canada, where hawthorns are strongly associated with the culture of Manitoulin Island, the fruits are commonly known as hawberries.
The leaves are edible and, if picked in the months of April and May, they are tender enough to be used in salads.
Medicinal use
The dried fruits of Crataegus pinnatifida (called 山楂 or shān zhā in Chinese) are used in naturopathic medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, primarily as a digestive aid. A closely related species, Crataegus cuneata (Japanese Hawthorn, called sanzash//www.souquanme.comi in Japanese) is used in a similar manner. Other species (especially Crataegus laevigata) are used in Western herbal medicine, where the plant is believed to strengthen cardiovascular function. In recent years, this use has been noted and adopted by Chinese herbalists as well. Hawthorn is also used as an aid to lower blood pressure, and treat some heart related dis搜趣网eases.
Clinical trwww.souquanme.comials
Several clinical trials have assessed the ability of hawthorn to help improve exercise tolerance in people with NYHA class II cardiac insufficiency compared to placebo. One trial, at (300mg/day) for 4 to 8 weeks, found no difference from placebo. The second trial, including 78 subjects (600mg/day) for 8 weeks, found "significant improvement in exercise tolerance" and lower blood pressure and heart rate during exercise. The third trial, including 32 subjects (900mg/day) for 8 weeks, found improved exercise tolerance as well as a reduction in the "incidence and severity of symptoms such as dyspnea" and fatigue decreased by approximately 50%.
In the HERB-CHF (Hawthorn Extract Randomized Blinded Chronic HF Study) clinical trial, 120 patients took 450mg of hawthorn extract twice daily for 6 months in combination with standard therapy and a standardized exercise program. "No effects of hawthorn were seen on either quality-of-life endpoint (Tables 1 and 2), or when adjusted for LVEF".
One study, consisting of 1011 patients taking one tablet (standardized to 84.3mg procyanidin) twice daily for 24 weeks, found "improvements in clinical symptoms (such as fatigue, palpitations, and exercise dyspnea), performance and exercise tolerance test, and ejection fraction".
Other uses
The wood of some hawthorn species is very hard and resistant to rot. In rural North America it was prized for use as tool handles and fence posts.
Side effects
Overdose can cause cardiac arrhythmia and dangerously lower blood pressure. Milder side effects include nausea and sedation.
《山楂树之恋》英文
I cannot wait for you for one year and one monthI cannot wait for you until you are 25But I have waited for you my whole life最后一句英文为什么要用现在完成时？对呀，是该用现在完成时。翻译这段话：我没能等你一年零一个月，没能做到等到你25岁，但是我已经等了你一辈子。老三真的是等了静秋一辈子，因为最后他死了呀，一辈子都在等静秋，你看过电影了吧，这应该能理解的。是该用现在完成时，他年纪轻轻没等到和静秋光明正大在一起就死了啊。
