英文描写修辞(英语有什么修辞手法)

英语有什么修辞手法英语修辞手法,一、明喻(simile)是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出......

英文描写修辞(英语有什么修辞手法)

英语有什么修辞手法

英语修辞手法
一、明喻(simile)是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等,例如:
1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.
这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.
他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来,像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。
3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.
它那长长的叶子在风中摆动,好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
二、隐喻(metaphor)这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...
德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。
2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.
钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
三、提喻(synecdoche)又称举隅法,主要特点是局部代表全体,或以全体喻指部分,或以抽象代具体,或以具体代抽象。例如:
1、The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.
长城不仅是用石头和土建造的,而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。
句中的“the flesh and blood”喻为“the great sacrifice”(巨大的牺牲)
2、“...saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,...”
……他说这是世界上最美的语言。
这里用具体的“tongue”代替抽象的“language”。
4、Many eyes turned to a tall,20—year black girl on the U.S. team.
很多人将眼光投向美国队一个高高的20岁的黑姑娘。
这里的“many eyes”代替了“many persons”。
四、拟人(personification)这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上,使之人格化,以物拟人,以达到彼此交融,合二为一。
1、She may have tens of thousand of babies in one summer.(From“ Watching Ants”)
一个夏天她可能生育成千上万个孩子。
这里用“she”和“babies”把蜜蜂比作人类妇女的生育。
2、My only worry was that January would find me hunting for a job again.
我唯一担心的是,到了一月份我又得去找工作。
英语里常把“年”“月”“日”人格化,赋以生命,使人们读起来亲切生动。
五、夸张(hyperbole)这是运用丰富的想象,过激的言词,渲染和装饰客观事物,以达到强调的效果。
1、My blood froze.
我的血液都凝固了。
2、When I told our father about this,his heart burst.
当我将这件事告诉我们的父亲时,他的心几乎要迸出来。
3、My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughter’svoice on the phone.
从电话里一听到我女儿的声音,我的心几乎停止跳动。
六、叠言(rhetorical repetition)这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中,将相同的结构,相同意义词组成句子重叠使用,以增强语气和力量。
1、It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious man—made destiny.
它必须用我们这些对于未来,对于人类以及人类自己创造的伟大命运具有信心的人的鲜血和汗水去创造。
2、... Because good technique in medicine and surgery means more quickly—cured patients, less pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity.
因为优良的医疗技术和外科手术意味着更快地治疗病人,更少痛苦,更少不安,更少死亡,更少疾病,和更少残废。
七、借代(metonymy)是指两种不同事物并不相似,但又密不可分,因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
1、Several years later, word came that Napoleonyh himself was coming to inspect them...
几年以后,他们听说拿破仑要亲自来视察他们。
“word”在这里代替了“news, information”(消息、信息)
2、Al spoke with his eyes,“yes”.
艾尔用眼睛说,“是的”。
“说”应该是嘴的功能,这里实际上是用眼神表达了“说话的意思”。
八、双关语(pun)是以一个词或词组,用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来,以取得一种诙谐有趣的效果。
Napoleon was astonished.”Either you are mad, or I am,”he declared. “Both,sir!”cried the Swede proudl搜趣网y.
“Both”一词一语双关,既指拿破仑和这位士兵都是疯子,又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役。
九、拟声(onomatcpocia)是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音,其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似,使语言显得生动,富有表现力。
1、On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing.
在学校房屋的屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着。
2、She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt——sunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one.
她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西,如阳光呀,丝绸摆动时的沙沙声呀,昆虫的叫声呀,开门的吱嗄声呀,亲人的说话声呀。
十、讽刺(irony)是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义,从而达到使本义更加幽默,更加讽刺的效 果。
Well, of course, I knew that gentlemen like you carry only large notes.
啊,当然,我知道像你这样的先生只带大票子。
店员这句话意在讽刺这位穿破衣的顾客:像你这样的人怎么会有大票子呢?名为“gentlemen”实则“beg gar”而已。
十一、通感(synesthesia)是指在某个感官所产生的感觉,转到另一个感官的心理感受。
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested.
有些书是应当尝尝滋味的,有些书是应当吞下去的,有少数书是应当咀嚼和消化的。
书是“尝”不出味道的,也是不能“吃”下去将其“消化”掉的。这里把读书中的精读和泛读,阅读欣赏与吸收知识的感受,用味觉功能和消化功能来表示,心理感受是如此逼真和奇特。
十二、头韵法(alliteration)在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组,其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音,以增强语言的节奏感。
How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness.

英语中的修辞手法?

关于英语文章中的修辞手法,中文名称和英文表达都要哦,谢啦!
1.Simile 明喻
明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.
标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.
例如:
1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.
2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.
3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.
2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻
隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.
例如:
1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻
借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.
I.以容器代替内容,例如:
1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.
2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.
II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:
Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
III.以作者代替作品,例如:
a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集
VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.
4.Synecdoche 提喻
提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.
例如:
1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)
他的厂里约有100名工人.
2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)
他是本世纪的牛顿.
3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分)
这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.
5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉
这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来,借联想引起感觉转移,“以感觉写感觉”。
通感技巧的运用,能突破语言的局限,丰富表情达意的审美情趣,起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如:欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏;闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体;听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
例如:
1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.(用视觉形容听觉,鸟落在树上,由它发出的声音联想到百合花)
鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音.
2>.Taste the music of Mozart.(用嗅觉形容听觉)
品尝Mozart的音乐.
6.Personification 拟人
拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.
例如:
1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.(把夜拟人化)
2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.(把鸟拟人化)
7.Hyperbole 夸张
夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..
例如:
1>.I beg a thousand pardons.
2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.
3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.
8.Parallelism 排比, 平行
这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体.
例如:
1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.
2>.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.
9.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法
婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话.
例如:
1>.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.
2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽.
3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. (去世)
10.Allegory 讽喻,比方(原意“寓言”)
建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上,传达暗示,影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。
英文解释:an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书
这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.
例如:
1>.Make the hay while the sun shines.
表层含义:趁着出太阳的时候晒草
真正意味:趁热打铁
2>.It's time to turn plough into sword.
表层含义:是时候把犁变成剑
11.Irony 反语
反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.
例如:
1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.
早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊(真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念)
2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.
12.Pun 双关
双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.
例如:
1>.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a greatpraise.
2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.
3>.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.
13.Parody 仿拟
这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞.
例如:
1>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.
2>.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.
3>.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it.
14.Rhetorical question 修辞疑问(反问)
它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的.
例如:
1>.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?
2>.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?
15.Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶
这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法.
例如:
1>.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.
2>.You are staying; I am going.
3>.Give me liberty, or give me death.
16.Paradox 隽语
这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法,是一种矛盾修辞法..
例如:
1>.More haste, less speed.欲速则不达
2>.The child is the father to the man.(童年时代可决定人之未来)三岁看大,四岁看老。
17.Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻
这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.
例如:
1>.No light, but rather darkness visible.没有光亮,黑暗却搜趣网清晰可见
2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome.
18.Climax 渐进法,层进法
这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小.轻重.深浅.高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象.
例如:
1>.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.
2>.Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.
19.Anticlimax 渐降法
与climax相反的一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列.
例如:
1>.On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.
2>.The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.

英语修辞的常见修辞

1. Simile 明喻
明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比,这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。
例如:
1. I wandered lonely as a stay dog. 我像一只流浪狗一样孤独地四处漂泊。
2. Einstein likes to put a cloak on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 爱因斯坦喜欢披着斗篷,就好像刚刚从童话故事中走出来。
2. Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻
隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。
例如:
1. Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.希望是顿美好的早餐,但却是一顿糟糕的晚餐。
2. Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 一些书需要被“浅尝辄止”地阅读,另一些需要被“狼吞虎咽”般地阅读;很少一部分需要被“细嚼慢咽”地阅读。
3. Metonymy 借喻,转喻
借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.
I. 以容器代替内容,例如:
1. The kettle boils. 水开了。
2. The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着。
II. 以资料、工具代替事物的名称,例如:
Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说。
III. 以作者代替作品,例如:
a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集
VI. 以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱。
4. Synecdoche 提喻
提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般。
例如:
1. There are about 100 hands working in his factory. 他的厂里约有100名工人。
2. He is the Newton of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿。
3. The fox goes very well with your cap. 这狐皮围脖与你//www.souquanme.com的帽子很相配。
5. Synesthesia 通感、联觉、移觉
这种修辞法是以视、听、触、嗅、味等感觉直接描写事物.
例如:
1. The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice. 鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音。
2. Taste the music of Mozart. 品尝Mozart的音乐。
6. Personification 拟人
拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物。
例如:
1. The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.夜晚温柔地平复着我们狂热的头脑
2. I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods. 我很开心,似乎听到了林中唱歌的鸟儿。
7. Hyperbole 夸张
夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的。它可以加强语势,增加表达效果。
例如:
1. I beg a thousand pardons. 我千百次地祈求宽恕
2. Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.我爱你。你对我而言如同全世界,如同夜空中的星月一般圣洁。
3. When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out. 当她听到这个噩耗,眼泪像绝了堤的洪水,滚落下来。
8. rhetorical repetition 叠言
这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中,将相同的结构,相同意义词组成句子重叠使用,以增强语气和力量。
例如:
1. It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious man—made destiny. 它必须用我们这些对于未来,对于人类以及人类自己创造的伟大命运具有信心的人的鲜血和汗水去创造。
2.Because good technique in medicine and surgery means more quickly—cured patients, less pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity.因为优良的医疗技术和外科手术意味着更快地治疗病人,更少痛苦,更少不安,更少死亡,更少疾病,和更少残废。
9. Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法
婉辞法指用委婉、文雅的方法表达粗恶、避讳的话。
例如:
1. He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下。
2. His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽.
10. Allegory 讽喻、比方
这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法"。它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事。
例如:
1. Make the hay while the sun shines. 良机勿失。
2. It's time to turn plough into sword. 到了该努力的时候了。(转化过程自行脑补)
11. Irony 反语
反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式。如在指责过失、错误时、用赞同过失的说法;而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法。
例如:
1. It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning. 早上不知道几点钟确实是一种好习惯!(反语)
2."Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. " The waiter said to the beggar. 作者对乞丐说,当然,你只收大钞,所以没零钱啦。
12. Pun 双关
双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义、借题发挥、作出多种解释、旁敲侧击从而达到意想不到的幽默、滑稽效果。它主要以相似的词形、词意和谐音的方式出现。
例如:
1. An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country. 大使是一个诚实的人,他只骗外国人说自己国家多么多么好。
2. If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.如果我们不团结,就上吊去吧。(注意两个hang意思不一样)
13. Parody 仿拟
这是一种模仿名言、警句、谚语,改动其中部分词语从而使其产生新意的修辞.
例如:
1. Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year. 罗马不是一天建成的,但也不是一年内建成的。(暗指需要更长时间的努力)
2. A friend in need is a friend to be avoided. (虽然说“患难见真情”,但是一个真的处于患难中的朋友,是为众人避而远之的。)
14. Rhetorical question 修辞疑问
它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定。它的答案往往是不言而喻的。
例如:
1. How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?我们在树林里走了1个小时连根毛都没看见!
2. Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered? 难道我们应该让谣言继续传播下去吗?
15.Antithesis 对照、对比、对偶
这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法。
例如:
1. Not that I love Caesar less, but I love Rome more. 不是我不喜欢凯撒,而是我更喜欢罗马。(莎士比亚《凯撒大帝》中普鲁斯特的名言)
2. You are staying; I am going.你留,我走。
3. Give me liberty, or give me death. 要么给我自由,要么让我死。
16. Paradox 隽语
这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法,是一种矛盾修辞法。
例如:
1. More haste, less speed. 欲速则不达。
2. The child is the father of a man. 儿童是成人致富。(来自于英国诗人Wordsworth的诗《My heart leaps up我心雀跃》)
17. Oxymoron 反意法、逆喻
这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义。
例如:
1. No light, but rather darkness visible. 没有光,但有看得见的黑暗。(这种句子真的很震撼,有木有?)
2. The state of this house is cheerless welcome. 这座房子无精打采地迎接着客人。(逆喻,绝了!)
18. Climax 渐进法,层进法
这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小、轻重、深浅、高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点。可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象。
例如:1. I am sorry, I am so sorrywww.souquanme.com, I am so extremely sorry. 真的真的真的很抱歉
2. Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone. 看不到、听不到,没有什么可以触碰到他那颗石头般的心。
19. Anticlimax 渐降法
与climax相反的一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小、由强到弱地排列。
例如:1. On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots. 他胸口别着勋章,腰里插着抱歉,脚上套着一双靴子。
2. The duties of a soldier are to protect hi搜趣网s country and peel potatoes. 士兵的职责就是保卫国家和削土豆皮。(形容战士)
20. alliteration 押头韵
头韵是英语语音修辞手段之一,它蕴含了语言的音乐美和整齐美,使得语言声情交融、音义一体,具有很强的表现力和感染力。
例如:1. Nobody can go from rags to riches without efforts. 没有人能够不通过努力就发家致富的。
2. e government needs to create a social environment of fairness and forgiveness. 政府需要营造一个公平和宽容的社会环境。

英语修辞手法有哪些?

英语修辞手法 一、明喻(simile)是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现.常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等,例如: 1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇. 2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来,像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去. 3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动,好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的. 二、隐喻(metaphor)这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的. 1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来. 2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心. 三、提喻(synecdoche)又称举隅法,主要特点是局部代表全体,或以全体喻指部分,或以抽象代具体,或以具体代抽象.例如: 1、The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men. 长城不仅是用石头和土建造的,而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的. 句中的“the flesh and blood”喻为“the great sacrifice”(巨大的牺牲) 2、“...saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,...” ……他说这是世界上最美的语言. 这里用具体的“tongue”代替抽象的“language”. 4、Many eyes turned to a tall,20—year black girl on the U.S. team. 很多人将眼光投向美国队一个高高的20岁的黑姑娘. 这里的“many eyes”代替了“many persons”. 四、拟人(personification)这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上,使之人格化,以物拟人,以达到彼此交融,合二为一. 1、She may have tens of thousand of babies in one summer.(From“ Watching Ants”) 一个夏天她可能生育成千上万个孩子. 这里用“she”和“babies”把蜜蜂比作人类妇女的生育. 2、My only worry was that January would find me hunting for a job again. 我唯一担心的是,到了一月份我又得去找工作. 英语里常把“年”“月”“日”人格化,赋以生命,使人们读起来亲切生动. 五、夸张(hyperbole)这是运用丰富的想象,过激的言词,渲染和装饰客观事物,以达到强调的效果. 1、My blood froze. 我的血液都凝固了. 2、When I told our father about this,his heart burst. 当我将这件事告诉我们的父亲时,他的心几乎要迸出来. 3、My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughter’svoice on the phone. 从电话里一听到我女儿的声音,我的心几乎停止跳动. 六、叠言(rhetorical repetition)这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中,将相同的结构,相同意义词组成句子重叠使用,以增强语气和力量. 1、It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious man—made destiny. 它必须用我们这些对于未来,对于人类以及人类自己创造的伟大命运具有信心的人的鲜血和汗水去创造. 2、... Because good technique in medicine and surgery means more quickly—cured patients, less pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity. 因为优良的医疗技术和外科手术意味着更快地治疗病人,更少痛苦,更少不安,更少死亡,更少疾病,和更少残废. 七、借代(metonymy)是指两种不同事物并不相似,但又密不可分,因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种. 1、Several years later, word came that Napoleonyh himself was coming to inspect them... 几年以后,他们听说拿破仑要亲自来视察他们. “word”在这里代替了“news, information”(消息、信息) 2、Al spoke with his eyes,“yes”. 艾尔用眼睛说,“是的”. “说”应该是嘴的功能,这里实际上是用眼神表达了“说话的意思”. 八、双关语(pun)是以一个词或词组,用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来,以取得一种诙谐有趣的效果. Napoleon was astonished.”Either you are mad, or I am,”he declared. “Both,sir!”cried the Swede proudly. “Both”一词一语双关,既指拿破仑和这位士兵都是疯子,又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役. 九、拟声(onomatcpocia)是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音,其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似,使语言显得生动,富有表现力. 1、On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing. 在学校房屋的屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着. 2、She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt——sunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one. 她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西,如阳光呀,丝绸摆动时的沙沙声呀,昆虫的叫声呀,开门的吱嗄声呀,亲人的说话声呀. 十、讽刺(irony)是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义,从而达到使本义更加幽默,更加讽刺的效 果. Well, of course, I knew that gentlemen like you carry only large notes. 啊,当然,我知道像你这样的先生只带大票子. 店员这句话意在讽刺这位穿破衣的顾客:像你这样的人怎么会有大票子呢?名为“gentlemen”实则“beg gar”而已. 十一、通感(synesthesia)是指在某个感官所产生的感觉,转到另一个感官的心理感受. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested. 有些书是应当尝尝滋味的,有些书是应当吞下去的,有少数书是应当咀嚼和消化的. 书是“尝”不出味道的,也是不能“吃”下去将其“消化”掉的.这里把读书中的精读和泛读,阅读欣赏与吸收知识的感受,用味觉功能和消化功能来表示,心理感受是如此逼真和奇特. 十二、头韵法(alliteration)在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组,其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音,以增强语言的节奏感. How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness.

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