there be 句型中主语是：其后所接的名词或名词性短语等。
含有there be的句型（某处有某物）
肯定式
There is a student（主语）搜趣网 in the room.（地点状语）

There are two students（主语）in the room.（地点状语）
要点：
作谓语用的There is /are 要放在句首，而其主语则放在后面，is 后面接单数形式的主语；are 后面则应接复数形式的主语。
2 如果句中有若干个名词作主语，动词be常与后面主语中的第一个名词在数上一致：
例：There is a coffee shop, two bars and four restaurants in the hotel.
否定式
There is not a student in the room.
要点：
2 在be 动词（is /are）后加not即可构成否定。
2 还有一种否定形式，即在there is + no+单数名词或there are + no+复数名词：
例：There is no student in the room.
There are no students in the room.
疑问式
1．一般疑问句
Is there a student in the room?

Are two students in the room?
要点：
2 把be动词(is/ are)提到句首即可构成一般疑问句。
2 回答时用Yes或No：
例：Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.
2．特殊疑问句
How many students are there in the room?

要点：
2 how many 后跟复数名词。
2 特殊疑问句 = how many + 名词复数 + 一般疑问语序 (is/are there)。
2 回答时不能用Yes或No, 要给出具体的回答：
例：--How many students are there in the room?
--There are two.
注意：
2 there be常带有表示地点的状语，多由介词短语充当。状语的位置多在句尾，有时为了强调，也可置于句首：
例：On the wall there 搜趣网is a picture.
2 Some在否定句和疑问句中常变成any：
例：There are some students in the classroom. (陈诉句)
There aren't any students in the classroom. (否定句)
Are there any students in the classroom? (疑问句)
http://www.yntvu.edu.cn/rwxy/renwen/DXYY1/Unit4.htm
http://byxx.cixiedu.net/blog/u/rain/archives/2008/182.html

there是副词，不能做主语。本句是一倒装句即 there be句型。There is 是谓语 too cold主语 in winter状语. 这句稍有语病，应该改为 There is too much cold/snow in winter.或 It is too cold in winter. 因为你这句中如果用too修饰cold那么cold就是形容词，就不能做主语。所以加上much.那样cold就是名词了。