主语从句
1．主语从句主要有三类：
（1）
由连词that引导的主语从句.
例如：That
you
will
win
the
medal
seems
unlikely.
你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的.
That
you
are
so
indifferent
bothers
me.
你如此冷淡使我很烦恼.
That
she
survived
the
accident
is
a
miracle.
她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹.
（2）
用连接代词或连接副词if,
whether
引导的主语从句.
例如：
Which
of
them
escaped
from
the
prison
is
still
a
mystery.
他们哪一个是从监狱里逃跑的,仍然是个谜.
When
they
will
come
hasn’t
been
made
pubic.
他们什么时候来还不知道.
Whether
she
is
coming
or
not
doesn’t
matter
too
much.
她来不来都无关紧要.
（3）
用关系代词引导的主语从句.
例如：What
you
need
is
more
practice.
你所需要的是更多的训练.
What
I
want
to
know
is
this.
我想知道的就是这事.
Whatever
we
do
is
to
serve
the
people.
我们无论做什么都是为人民服务.

一、宾语从句的引导词
宾语从句通常由连词that和whether (if)、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导： 1. that引导
We believe that he is honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。 The doctor insists that I give up smoking医生坚持要我戒烟。 I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。 I suggested that we should go the next day. 我建议我们第二天走。
We learnt from his letter that he was in Spain. 从他的信里我们了解到他在西班牙。 The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. 卖方要求5日内付款。 2. whether / if引导
I don’t know whether he’ll arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及时到。 I didn’t know whether they liked the place. 我不知道他们是否喜欢这个地方。 I’ll see whether I can induce him to accept it. 我要看看我是否能劝他接受。 I asked her whether she agreed. 我问她是否同意。
He enquired if her parents spoke Spanish. 他问她父母是否讲西班牙语。 I wonder if it’s large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。 She didn’t say if he was still alive. 她没说他是否还活着。 3. 连接代词引导
I don’t know who [whom] you mean. 我不知道你指谁。 Please tell me which you like. 告诉我你喜欢哪一个。 I’Il do whatever I can do. 我将做我所能做的事。
You can take whichever you like. 你爱拿哪个就拿哪个吧。
We’ll do whatever we can to save him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。 Take whichever seat you like. 你要坐哪个座就坐哪个座位。 Give it to whoever you like. 你把它爱给谁就给谁。
You don’t know what you are talking about. 你在说什么，你自己也不知道。
Tomorrow at this time we’ll know who is elected. 明天这时候我们就会知道谁当选了。 4. 连接副词引导
He asked why he had to go alone. 他问他为什么必须一个人去。
You don’t know when you are lucky. 你身在福中不知福。 I asked how he was getting on. 我问他情况怎样。 He knows where they live. 他知道他们住哪里。
Have you found out how wide the ditch Was? 你了解到那条沟有多宽吗?
I’d like to know when they will let him out. 我很想知道他们什么时候会放他出来。 We didn’t know why he had answered in tha//www.souquanme.comt fashion. 我们不明白他为什么这样回答。 3. 关系代词what引导
She has got what she wanted. 她要的东西得到了。 I want to tell you what I hear. 我想把听到的情况告诉你。 He could not express what he felt. 他无法表达内心的感受。 They did what they could to console her. 他们尽量安慰她。
They thought they could dwww.souquanme.como what they liked with him. 他们以为他们可以对他为所欲为。 【注意】有时介词后可接一个宾语从句(但介词后通常不接that和if引导的宾语从句)： From what you say, he is right. 根据你所说的，他是对的。 有极个别介词(如but, except)可接that引导的宾语从句：
She remembered nothing about him except that his hair was black. 她对他什么都不记得，只记得他的头发是黑的。 比较下面两句用what引导的宾语从句，它们的意思不一样： He began to think about what he should do. 他开始考虑应当怎样做。
二、宾语从句与形式宾语it
当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时，通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末： I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。
He hasn’t made it known when he is going to get married. 他还没宣布他何时结婚。 She found it difficult to answer the question. 她发现回答这个问题很困难。 He feels it his duty to hetp others. 他认为帮助别人是他的责任。 He thought it best to be on his guard. 他认为他最好还是要警惕。
He made it a rule to speak in Parliament at least once every session. 他规定自己在议会每次开会时至少发一次言。 I find it interesting talking go you. 我觉得同你谈话很有意思。
I consider it wrong to cheat in an examination. 我认为考试作弊是不对的。

三、连词that的省略问题
引导宾语从句的连词that 通常可以省略：
She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。
I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去。
I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。
He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。
He thought (that) they would give him 3 visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。
I expect (that) the plane will he diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。
I expected (that) the plane would be diverted. 我本料想飞机会改变航线。
Everybody knows (that) money doesn’t grow on trees. 众所周知，金钱是不会从树上长出来的。 I suggested (that) they should / shouldn’t drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着 / 不要沿着海岸开车。 【注】有时为了强调，that引导的宾语从句可位于句首，此时that不可省略： That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。
四、宾语从句与否定转移
当动词think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时，其否定通常转移到主语： I don’t suppose that it is true. 我认为那不是真的。
I don’t imagine that he will come. 我想他不会来的。(from www.yygrammar.com) I don’t think we need waste much time on it. 我想我们不必在这上面花太多时间 We didn’t think we’d be this late. 我们没想到我们会到得这么晚。 I don’t suppose I’ll trouble you again. 我想我不要再麻烦你了

The man whom you met just now is my father
The boy who is playing football is my best friend
The building which we are looking at is our library

It
is
universally
ackonwledged
that
:
翻译为:(什么什么是普遍公认的，翻译时先翻译that从句)
)
举个例子来说:It
is
universally
acknowledged
that
trees
are
indispensable
to
us
翻译为:全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的)
这个句型可以用于写作时候比较合适
，后面的trees
are
indispensable
to
us
是真正主语
2:It
goes
without
saying
that
:不言而喻
，和第一句比较类似。用于写作中，
eg:
It
goes
without
saying
that
l
will
marry
Qi.
就是后面接上真正主语。也就是接的一个句子
不过是做主语而已。
3:As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
I
think
it
is
necessary
to
marry
Qi.
就是对我来说，什么事情是必要的。比如你在写作文的时候，可以说
对我来说
学习是必要的
努力是必要的，相应的换词就可以了。
4:
What
impressed
me
most
is
是主语从句:
意思是:什么事情给我留下了深刻影响。
只需要你写一个主句就可以了。
eg:What
impressed
me
most
is
his
strong
will
towards
difficulties
让我印象最深的是他面对困难时的顽强意志````
个人意见经供参考!

Adverbial Clauses
状语从句 1.分类
　　英语状语从句可表示时间、地点、条件、方式、让步、原因、比较、目的、结果等意义。不同的状语从句要求不同的连词或相当于连词的词组引出。以下是常用的引导状语从句的连词：
　　时间状语：when, while, as, before, after, since, until, the moment, as soon as
　　地点状语：where, wherever
　　条件状语：if, unless, as/so long as, suppose
　　方式状语：as, as if, as though
　　让步状语：though, although, even if, even though
　　原因状语：as, because, since, now that
　　比较状语：as...as, than, the...the, not so...as
　　目的状语：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case
　　结果状语：so that, so...that, such...that, that 2.时间状语从句
　　The street were less crowded when Mr.Budd let him out.
　　巴德先生让他出来的时候，街上行人已少了一些。
　　I'll come back as soon as is over.
　　一下课我就回来。
　　Please don't go anywhere before I come back.
　　我回来之前，哪儿也别去。
　　The telephone rang while I was having a bath.
　　我洗澡时，电话铃响了。　1)表示将来时间时，时间状语从句须用一般时态代替将来时态。
　　We will go fishing if it is fine tomorrow.
　　如果明天晴，我们就去钓鱼。
　　Soon after you jump, the parachute will open.
　　你一跳，降落伞就会打开。　2)when, while, as在引导时间状语从句搜趣网时的区别：when表示从句的动作与主句的动作一个紧接着一个发生，也可表示从句动作在主句动作之前或之后发生。从时间上来说，它既可指一段时间，也可指某一具体时刻。
　　She opened the door when she heard the door bell.
　　她听到门铃响就把门打开了。
　　When he called, I was making lunch in the kitchen.
　　他来电话时，我正在厨房做午餐。
　　I used to eat in small restaurants when I was in London.
　　我在伦敦时，常在小饭馆吃饭。
　　I'll tell him about in when I see him.
　　我看到他时我会告诉他的。　　while表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，从句动作往往是有延续性的，因此从句所用的谓语动词往往是延续性的动词。从时间上来说，while指一段时间。
　　The light went out while I was reading the newspaper.
　　我正在读报时，灯灭了。
　　He repaired the leaking tab while the rest of the family were watching TV.
　　家里其他人在看电视的时候，他把漏水的龙头给修好了。
　　　as表示某事发生的过程中另一件事发生了，亦可用来表示两个同时发生的动作。
　　As I drove past the crossroads, a red car suddenly shot right past me.
　我开车过十字路口时，一辆红色的轿车突然从我旁边飞驰而过。
　　A look of surprise came into his eyes as he read the message.
　　他读着条子，眼里流露出吃惊的神情。
　　As he did so he nearly ran into a large man who suddenly came in through the doorway.
　　就在他这么做的时候，他几乎与一个突然进来大个子撞了个满怀。 3.地点状语从句
　　　where, wherever引导地点状语，意思与in/at/to/the place where接近。
　　I'll drive you wherever you are going.
　　你去任何地方我都开车送你去。
　　You have the right to live where you want.
　　你有权住在你想住的地方。
　　It's your fault that she is where she is.
　　她落到今天这个地步是你的错。
　　Where there is a will, there is a way.
　　有志者事竟成。 4.原因状语从句
　　　引导原因状语从句的连词主要有because, as, since。because表示的语气最强，通常用于回答以疑问词why引导的疑问句。as和since表示的原因通常对方是知道的，since较as正式。because可以代替as, since,但as和since不一定能代替because。
　　He failed the exam because he didn't study hard.
　　他考试不及格是因为他学习不努力。
　　He distrusted me because I was new.
　　因为我是新来的所以他不信任我。
　　As it is raining, you'd better take a taxi.
　　正在下雨，你最好乘出租车。
　　As all seats were full, he stood up and gave up his to an old lady.
　　由于所有的座位都有人了，他就站起来把他的座位让给了一位老太太。
　　Since you are going, I'll go, too.
　　既然你要去，那我也去。
　　Since you have no objection, let's get started.
　　既然你不反对，那就让我们干吧。 5.目的状语从句
　　She ate her supper quickly so she could gwww.souquanme.como out early.
　　她很快吃晚饭以便能早点出来。
　　They drove with both windows closed so that he would not catch cold.
　　他们开车时把两边的窗子都关上了，这样他就不会感冒。
　　Speak clearly so that they will understand you.
　　说话清楚点好让他们明白你的意思。
　　These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely.
　　这些人冒着生命危险是为了让我们更加安全地生活。
　　Don't let your baby play with your watch in case he damages it.
　　别让你的孩子玩你的表以免把表弄坏。
　　I'll buy some beer in case Uncle Tom drops in at the weekend.
　　我要去买些啤酒以备周末汤姆叔叔来。
　　　目的状语从句中常用can/could, may/might, will/would, shall/should等情态动词。
　　He wore a pair of sunglasses for fear that he would/might be recognized.
　　为了不让人认出来，他戴了一副墨镜。 6.让步状语从句
　　T搜趣网hough we have worked with John for years, we don't know much about his family.
　　尽管我们和约翰一起工作多年，我们对他的家庭还是了解甚少。
　　Even though you don't like him, you should be polite.
　　尽管你不喜欢他，你还是应该礼貌一些。
　　Although we were poor, we were very happy.
　　尽管我们穷，但我们很快乐。
　　He is a good man even though I don't always agree with him.
　　尽管我们的看法有时不同，但他人是好的。
　　Even if he proves to be wrong, he wouldn't admit it.
　　即使已经证明他错了，他也不会承认。
　　　as也可引导让步状语从句，但只用在形容词／副词＋as＋主语＋谓语的结构中。这一结构主要用于正式文体，不用于非正式文体。
　　Patient as he was, he had intention of waiting for three hours.
　　尽管他很有耐心，但他还是不打算等三个小时。
　　Young as he is, she has five years of teaching behind her.
　　尽管她还年轻，但她已经有五年的教学经历了。
　　Hard as he tried, he couldn't cope with his responsibilities as manager.
　　尽管他很努力，但他实在不能胜任经理的职责。 7.方式状语从句
　　Do as you are told.
　　叫你怎么做你就怎么做。
　　I've changed the title of the essay as you suggested.
　　我已经照你所建议的那样把文章的题目改了。
　　She had never spoken so excitedly as she did then.
　　她说话从来也没有像那会儿那样激动过。
　　The other day he spoke about John as if he knew him.
　　前两天他谈起约翰，就好象他认识他似的。
　　I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.
　　整件事我都记得，仿佛它就发生在昨天。
　　He told us what had happened yesterday as if he had witnessed the whole thing.
　　他把昨天发生的事情都告诉了我们，就像是他亲眼目睹了一切似的。 8.结果状语从句
　　One of her lungs is affected a little so she has to rest.
　　他的一叶肺有点感染，所以她得休息。
　　I missed the bus so I didn't get home until very late in the evening.
　　我没赶上汽车，所以晚上很晚才到家。
　　His father works so late every day that he hardly ever sees him.
　　他父亲每天都工作到很晚，他几乎见不到他。
　　His heart beat so fast that he could hardly breathe.
　　他的心脏跳得那么快，他几乎不能呼吸了。
　　It gave him such a shock that his face turned white.
　　这使他大吃一惊，以至他的脸都白了。
　　What's the matter with you that you look so worried?
　　你看上去忧心忡忡的，出什么事了？