1 He is an Asian man. 他是一个亚洲男人。
2 His words make me very comfortable.他的话让我觉得很不舒服。
3 Don't be impolite to old people.不要对老人不礼貌。
4 My mother allows me to play football after school.妈妈允许我放学后踢足球。
5 This library is for public.这个图书馆是对公众开放的。
6 He coughes for a whole night.他咳嗽了一整个晚上。
7 This little thing breaks our friendship.这件小事破坏了我们的友谊。
8 Don't smoke in public.不要在公共场合吸烟。
9 Be careful with this question. 对这个问题仔细一点。
10 My dad pickes me up after school everyday.爸爸每天放学都来接我。
保证正确，也够简单吧？哈哈~

605情态动词讲解

一can 1.表"能力"I can lift the stone. I can speak English while he can't. Who can play the violin? He got up early yesterday so that he could catch the early bus.
could 表过去的能力。
注；1。can 与be able to表能力时的区别：
① 形式上；can有两种形式can 与could，而be able to有更多的形式。
is(are)able to, was able to ,, has been able , will be able to , would be able to 等。
be able to 只表能力而can 还可表"可能性"，"惊异","许可"等。
② could与was able to表过去能力的差别：均表过去的能力，但was（were）able to还可表业已成功的行为（即：动作确实做了）。
2．表"许可"You can go now. You can use my dictionary. You can have a rest.
-Can I smoke here?
-No, you can't.
注：用could代替can在疑问句中，语气客气委婉，但在时间上还指现在.Could you lend me your bike? Could you tell me how to get to the station?
注意：回答由could引起的问句，仍用can 而不用could。
-Could you wait a few more minutes?
-Yes, I can.
3.表猜测"可能"，一般用于疑问句和否定句。
-Can the news be true? -It can't be true. Where can he be?
注：(1)can't表"不可能"，语气断然否定。
(2) could在宾语从句中表过去的可能性，其它情况一般还表示现在的可能性只是语气比can委婉和更加不肯定。 I thought he could come .
(3) can 亦可用于肯定句表可能，但表示的是逻辑推理上的可能性（或理论上的），非主观臆断。There can be no noise on the moon because of sound being carried by the air .
(4) can(could)…have done或can(could)…have been(done)用于疑问句或疑问句表对过去时或完成时的揣测。
What can have happened to him ? He can not have read the book. He can't have been to Beijing.
4.表"惊异""惊讶"：How can you be so impolite? How can you say that?
二. may 表"允许""许可""允诺"（征询对方许可）。
You may go now . May I use your bike? You may keep the book for 2 weeks .
注意：(1)其否定形式may not表示不可以，但更常用must not来代替may not表示"不可以"，"禁止"。 -May I watch TV after supper?
-Yes, you may.(No, you mustn't .或No, you may not.或No, you'd better not.)
(2)与can的比较：may比can更正式。May I know your name? May I (he, we…)….?
May you….? (May you have a good journey! 此处表祝愿)
（3）。might代替may用于疑问句，更客气礼貌些，回答时仍用may。
-Might I use your telephone? -Yes, you may .
(4)might not 不表示"不允许"
2．表"可能"。（1）用于肯定句和否定句（因为May I…?表征询许可）。
The news may be true . He may not be at home now. I think he may come today(tomorrow).
However fast you may run, you can't catch the fast train.
(2)用might语气更加不肯定，但指现在或将来，只有在宾语从句中might do（be）才表示过去可能性。 He might come today(tomorrow). She might have some fever .
I thought you might like something to read, so I brought some books for you .
She said she might not be at home.. I might be busy tomorrow.
(3)may not 与cannot的区别： may not"可能不"，cannot "不可能"。
比较The news may not be true.
The news can't be true .
(4) may(might)(not)+have done(been)表对过去或完成时的揣测。
Something may have happened to him . He may have been to Beijing .
3.表祝愿May you be happy! May you have a pleasant journey!
综合性补充；（1）could have done和might have done 还可以用于虚拟语气而can(may)have done 只用于揣测。
（2）表揣测用于反意问句的情况。
三must （无词形变化）
（1）。表"必须"，"应该"，"务必" must not(mustn't)表"禁止"，"不许"，"不准"，"不可以"。 Everyone must attend the lecture. The work must be finished as soon as possible.
You mustn't lend it to others.
注；对must问句的回答。 -Must I go there now?
-Yes, you must.
-No ,you ①needn't. ②need not ③don't have(got) to ④don't need to.
2.must表推测"一定"，"必定"，一般只用于肯定句，亦即用于疑问句和否定不表揣测。
（1）对现在He must be at home now. You must be hungry after the long walk.
The Chinese language must have the largest number of speakers.
(2)对进行时。 He must be sleeping now(at that time).
（3）对过去时或完成时。
It must have rained last night. He must have fallen asleep(then).
He must have gone to Beijing yesterday. She must have been young when she got married .
注意其反意问句。
3 .must表不可避免的倾向。 All men must die.
4 . must 表"偏偏"，"不巧" My car must break down.我的车偏偏坏了。
四.have to "不得不"
1. 与must的区别 （1）must表说话人的主观看法，而have to表客观需要。
比较：I have to stop smoking .(外界压力，客观情况使然)
I must stop smoking.（主观认为）
2.must只有一种形式而have to有更多的形式have to, has to ,had to ,will have to 等等。
I thought I must go there.
3.have to 的疑问，否定均须借助于do。 Does he have to go there now ?
不说Has he to go there now?
He has to go UpUoHrDthere now ,doesn't he? The work has to be finished before 10 o'clock..
4.must与had to的差别： had to还可以表示业已完成或实现的动作（即；动作确实做了）。
I had to stay at home last night.
五.ought to与should
1.两者的差别ought to语气重，偏重"责任，义务，道德、法律"等方面，"总应该"。
You ought to follow your father's advice.
注意其疑问及否定形式 -Ought he to go ？-Yes, he ought (to).
2. ought to (should)have done 表本应该做而实际未做。
You ought to have told him about the news . He shouldn't have been told about the news.
本不应该把此事告诉他（而实际告诉了）。
You should have got up early .
should have done 还可表虚拟语气
用于第一人称
3. ought to还可表示非常有可能的事。
It ought to be a close game , most probably. It ought to be a fine day tomorrow.(极可能是好天)
六.need （1） 作为情态动词①常用于疑问句和否定句②无人称和时态的变化③疑问否定借助于need本身④后跟动词原型。
（2）need作为实义动词① 有人称和时态的变化（needs，needed）②疑问否定借助于do③可有自己的宾语（可以是名词，代词，不定时）④不受什么句型限制。
I need a pen . I need to go there. He didn't need to go there. Do I need to go there? Need I go there now ? You needn't go there now. I need go there now.
3.needn't have done表"本不必做而实际做了"。 You needn't have hurried.你（当时）本不该匆忙。
4．对need引起的一般问句的回答： -Need I go now ? -Yes ,you must .-No, you needn't.
七.dare 1，（1）作为情态动词 ①无人称和时态变化②常用于疑问句和否定句③跟不带to的不定式。注：有固定说法I dare say…… How dare you say……?
2.实义动词①有人称和时态的变化②疑问和否定借助于do③跟带to的不定式。
比较 情态动词 实义动词
肯定句 He dared to do it .
否定句 He daren't to do itHe dare not do it. He didn't dare to do it .He doesn't dare to do it.
疑问句 Dare he do it?Dare he not do it? Does he dare to do it?Doesn't he dare to do it?
注：（1）有时可把dare的情态和实义动词的用法揉合在一起。如；No one dared say that.
(2)在否定句中实义动词dare后的不定式"to"符号可以省略。I don't dare(to)ask her.
2.daren't have done 表"本不敢做而实际做了"。
八.shall （此处讲述的是shall情态动词而非助动词表时态）。
1． shall用于二，三人称表"命令，警告。威胁，强制。允诺"等。
用于一，三人称用来征询对方意见或请求指示。
You shall do it as I say. Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow.
表"允诺"相当于may或can
Shall he come at once?(征询对方意见) where shall we meet ? Shall we take a walk together?
2.should (1)表"劝告，建议"Children should be taught to tell the truth.
I suggested he (should )go there. Was it necessary that my uncle (should) be informed?
(2)表"惊异"It's strange that he should have done such a thing.
（3）． 表"可能性"They should be there by now, I think.(98年高考已考过)。
九. Will 1。表"意志，意愿，乐意"，用于各人称 。（与will作助动词表时态区分开来）。
I will tell you all about it.相当于I am glad to tell you all about it.
He won't go there.他不愿意去那里。
2． Will在疑问句用于第二人称，表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求。
Will you go with me for a walk? Do come to my birthday party , will you?
Will you please tell me how I can get to the station ? Won't you sit down?
3. 表示习惯性动作，有；"总是，总要，"，"惯于"的意思 。
Fish will die out of water。鱼离开水总是要死的。
He will talk for hours if you give him the chance .你要给他机会的话他总是要谈上几个钟头 。

十.Would (是will的变形，与will的用法相对应。应把would作助动词表时态区分开)。
1． 表"意愿"用于人称。 He said he would help us.他说他乐意帮助我们。
2． 表说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求，语气比will更客气婉转，但指的是现在时间。
Would you like some bananas ? I'd rather stay at home than go out .
Would you mind opening the window for me ?
注意：用would提出的一般疑问句，回答时要还原为will。-Would you help me with my lessons? -Yes, I will.
3. 表过去的习惯动作。
She would drop in on her teacher when she went to town .她总是要顺便看一下老师。
Every day she would get up early at six o'clock.过去她总是每天6点起床。
She would sit like that for hours watching ships.她过去总是坐在那里几个钟头看船。
3． 用于虚拟语气或用于科幻作品中。Such would be our home in the future.
我们未来的家庭就是这样。

十一. used to表示"过去常常"（而现在并非这样）。
We used to be good friends. There used to be a temple here. He used to go to work by bus。
He used to like fish.他过去爱吃鱼。
改为否定句：He didn't use to like fish .(He usedn't to like fish.或He used not to like fish).
改为疑问句：Used he to like fish？ 或Did he use to like fish?回答Yes, he used to .
否定式问句Use(d)n't he to like fish?
反意问句There used to be a temple here, usedn't there? （或didn'//www.souquanme.comt there？）
1．注：would与used to表"过去常常"的差别：
①used to表现在已不复存在的过去习惯或状态有今惜对比的含义，而would则不涉及现在。
He used to like fish.(现在不了)。He would like fish.（现在是不是这样，不知道）。
②used to 表不确定的过去时间，常常不带表确指过去的时间状语，而would常带。
③ would 表过去屡次发生的动作，所以不表状态。而used to可表状态也指动作。
？There would be a temple here.
④ would 有自觉自愿的含义，通常译作"总是，总要"，而used to只说明过去的事实，无自觉自愿的含义，常译作"过去常常"。Her would sit there, watching ships.（个人愿意）。
2．①used to do sth.过去常常做。。。②be (get)used to（doing）sth.习惯于。。。③be used to do sth.被用来做。。 与练习结合，体会掌握情态动词的用法。

.发言人明确表示总统在任何情况下都不会取消这次旅行。
The spokesman made it clear that the president would not
主　　　　　　　谓语
Cancel (the trip) under any circumstances.
介状
2. 我们相信他所说的，因为他受过良好的教育，出身于受人尊敬的家庭，更重要的是他为人可靠。
We believe what he has said , because he is well-educated , comes
主 谓 主
from a respectable familly and what’s more , he is reliable.
3. 随后后发生的那些事件证明了我的猜疑是对的。
The subsequent events confirmed my suspicions once again.
谓
4. 在赛后举行的记者招待会上，这位足教练因该队表现不佳而向球迷们致歉。
At the press conference held after the game , the football coach apologized to the fans for his team’s poor performance.
5. 令我们吃惊的是，这位常被赞为十分正直的州长竟然是一个贪官。
To our surprise, the governor who had often been praised for his honesty tur ned out to be a corrupt official.
谓语
6. 有少数人得到了提升，在这同时却有数万个人被解雇。
A few workers were promoted , but meanwhile hundreds of workers were dismissed.
7. 如果有机会，约翰也许已成为一位杰出的画家。
Given the chance , John might have become an outstanding painter.
8. 起初我以为他是开玩笑，可后来我知道他是当真的。
At first I thought he was joking , but then I realized he was serious.
9. 医院的急诊室里常常听到痛苦的呻吟声。
Groans of pain can often be heard in a hospital emergency
谓语
room.
10. 美国前国务卿已重新回到公众生活中来，现任了驻外大使。
The former US. Secretary of states has returned to public life as
谓语
an ambassador to a foreign country.
介短做宾语补足语
11. 现支票时大多数银行要求提供身份证。
Proof of identity is required for cashing a check at most banks.
12. 位通俗歌星在舞台上的出现引起了全场观众热烈鼓掌。
The pop star’s presence on the stage broughe the audience to its/their feet in applause.
13.她惊异地发现许多人仍然不办保险就冒险旅行。
She was amazed to learn that many people still risk traveling without insurance.
14.请务必做到不让孩子们探身窗外。
Will you see to it that no children（should）lean out of the window?
15.他在战争中被俘，无论敌人如何残酷地折磨他，他从不屈服。
He was captured in the war , but never gave in no matter how cruelly the enemy tortured him.
16.亨利、贝德温伤势严重，但贝蒂在医生的帮助下终于使他转危为安。
Henry bedell was seriously wounded,but Bettie , with the help of
介短作状语
the doctor, finally brought him through.
17.许多美国大学生申请政府贷款交付学费。
Many American students apply for government loans to pay for their education\tution.
18.除阅读材料外，使用电影和录像会激发学生学习的兴趣。
Besides reading materials , the use of films an//www.souquanme.comd videotapes can stimulate student’ interest in a subject.
谓 宾
19.这位律师试图说服陪审团他的当事人是无辜的。
The lawyer tried to convince the jury of his dient’s innocence.
20.自从20世纪80年代初以来，医学方面的科学家们一直在努力寻找治疗艾滋病的方法。
Medical scientists have been working on/at finding a cure for AIDS since the early 1980s.
21.我已经把我的简历寄往几家公司，但尚未收到回复。
I have sent off my resume to several corporations, but haven’t yet received a reply.
22.不少人希望有机会去国外学习，然而仅有少数人有这机会。
Many people wish for an opportunity to study abroad, only a few, however, have this chance.
23.我们满怀期望她来参加会议，离开时却大失所望。
We came to the meeting full of expectations, yet we left very disappointed.
24.尽管这位教授详细地讲解了这一事实，但许多学生仍然不理解。
Althought the professor（had）explained this point in great detail, many students still failed to understand.
25.在即将毕业的大学生中，有人希望去自己的家乡工作，有人自愿去不发达地区工作。
Among those university students who will graduate soon , some prefer/wish to return to their hometown to work , others volunteer to work in the underdeveloped areas/regions.
26.如今学生热衷于学习电脑，因为他们很清楚在信息时代，这是必不可少的技能。
Nowdays,students are keen on learning to use the computer, because they are well aware that this is an indispensable skill in the information ago.
27.他在世界各地周游了三年，但不论走到哪儿，他都眷念着自己的祖国。
He had traveled around the world for three years, but whetever he went , his missed his country.
28.起初他每隔些时候给我写信，后来再也没有听到他的消息。
At first , he wrote to me once in a while, and then I did not hear from him any more.
29.一般地说，人们总是会结婚成家的，而不是单身过一辈子。
In general, people tend to get married and have a family rather than remain single for life.
30.不论他如何努力，他就是无法弄懂高等数学。
No matter how hard he tried, he just could not understand higher mathematics.
31.连续工作六个月后，雇员可以享受常薪的假期和病假。
After working for six months on end, employees are entitled to paid holidays and sick leaves.
32.我已无法继续按月支付汽车款项了，真不知道如何办才好。
I am unable to keep up my monthly payments on the car and I am at a computer loss as to what t do.
33.这次面试的目的主要是测试读者的英语口语水平。
The purpose of the interview is primarily to test the applicants proficiency in spoken English.
34.认为约翰会因为他的失礼而向他们道歉，那就错了。
It’s wrong to assume that John will formally apologize to them for being impolite.
35这件丑闻对正在力争赢得大选的工党来说，无疑是一件尴尬的事。
This scandal will undoubtedly be an embarrassment to the Labor Party which is try hard to win th election.
36.我正在认真地写学期论文的时候，我的小妹妹连蹦带跳地上了楼冲进我的房间。
I was hard at work on a term paper when my baby sister bounded up the stairs and burst into my room.
37.我问了她数次，可她拒绝回答我的问题。
I asked her several times, but she refused to respond to my question.
38.在西方，人们常常邮购商品，这可以节省许多时间。
In the West , people often send away for mail-order goods, which can save a lot of time.
39.老一辈人往往发现，在现代社会，不论他们如何努力，要阻挡青年人发生变化是困难的。
No matter how hard they try, the order generation often finds it difficult to hold back changes amony the young in a modern society.
40.既然你决心尽快完成硕士课程，那就别让你的社交生活妨碍你的学习。
Since you have set your mind to finishing your master’s program as soon as possible, don’t let your society life stand in the way of your studies.
大学英语语法--系动词与实意动词
在解答词汇和语法结构题时，可用以下几种方法：
　　1. 看准就选的直接选择法
　　"词汇与结构"考试的题型由题句和四个备选答案组成。在四个答案中，只有一个是正确的，其余三个都是干扰项。考生在答题时，首先应当运用直接选择法，也就是在做题时找出题句中与备选答案相关的词，利用语法规则--一般为固定搭配或习惯用法，直接选出答案。一旦看准，就不必再往下看，这样既能节省时间，又能提高正确率。
　　例：1994年1月四级第45题:
　　The police set a________ to catch the thieves.
　　a. plan b. device c. trap d. trick
　　本句意思为：“警察设了一个陷阱来抓小偷。”“设圈套”的一般表达“set a trap”，是一个习惯搭配。
　　例：1994年1月四级第62题:
Medical research has shown that the widespread use of cigarettescontributes________the increase of cancers.
　　a. towards 　　b. for 　　c. with 　　d. to
本句涉及固定词组 contribute to, 意为“有助于”“促成”，填入空格中，题句语义连贯。
　　例：1999年6月四级第51题
　　Tony is very disappointed________the results of theexam。 搜趣网
　　A) for 　　B) toward 　　C) on 　　D) with
　　本题考查词组的搭配，be disappointed with意思是“对……失望”，大部分考生对此词组都很熟悉。
　　2. 逐个排除法
　　在答题时，如果不能从四个备选答案中根据词组的固定搭配或习惯用法直接选出答案的话，就应该从题的句子结构和上下文意思两方面加以考虑，通过对语义、语法、逻辑的分析，或通过词汇、语法、辨析来逐个排除，确定三项都有错误，以便推论不知意思的项为正确答案。
　　例：1999年月四级第50题
　　Being a pop star can be quite a hard life，________with a lot of travelling heavy schedules.
　　A) as to 　　B) in relation to 　　C) owing to 　　D) with regard to
　　选项C) owing to 的意思是“由于”。符合题意“由于时间很紧……”。选项A) as to 意思是“至于，关于”。选项B) in relation to 意思是“关于，涉及，与……相比”。 而选项D)with regard to 意思是“关于”。 A)、B) 、D)三个选项在意思上都不符合题意。
　　例：1995年6月四级第48题
　　While people may refer to television forup-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television________the newspapercompletely.
　　A) replaced 　　B) havereplaced 　　C) replace 　　D) willreplace
　　本句的意思是“虽然人们可以从电视了解最新消息，但电视不大可能完全取代报纸”。句中unlikely表示说话人认为某事将来不大可能发生，或者认为不大可能成为事实，因此应当用陈述语气将来时。选项A) replaced 为一般过去时，从全句意思来看，显然不合适。应予以排除。选项B)havereplace 违反了主谓语一致的原则，应予以排除。选项C) replace与单数主语television在数上不一致，也违反了主谓语一致原则，应予以排除。因此，本题答案为D)will replace。
　　再如：
　　Alone in a deserted house，he was so busy with hisresearch work that he felt________lonely.
　　A) nothing but 　　B) anything but 　　C) all but 　　D) everything but
　　notwww.souquanme.comhing but（除……只有），all but（几乎），everything but不是惯用短语，若填入，意思就成了“除了孤独外，什么都感到了”。这样，在逻辑上就不通了。因此A，C，D均与文意不符，故排除。只有anything but（除……以外任何事；根本不……）符合文意，所以答案是B。
　　3. 按动词的适当形式选择
　　在英语的各类词性中，动词是变化最多、应用最广的词类。考生除了熟练掌握谓语动词的时态、语态，以及非谓语动词在句中的不同作用之外，在答题时，首先要根据题句中的时间状语来判断谓语动词的时态；其次，按照语法规则（包括习惯搭配）选择出动词的适当形式，同时，还应考虑到题句中时态的前后呼应和题句本身的意义。
　　例：1990年1月四级第57题
　　The manager promised to keep me________of how outbusiness was going on.
　　A) to be informed 　　B) oninforming 　　C) informed 　　D)informing
　　全句意思是：“经理答应让我不断了解我们的业务进展情况”。“keep＋名词＋分词”表示“让……(保持)”。由于inform 是及物动词，me是它的动作对象，所以要用过去分词informed。答案是选项C) informed。keep on是一个短语动词，表示“继续做”，keep和on之间不能插入宾语，所以选项B) on informing不对。我们可以说keep on doing sth.，但不能说keep sb. on doing sth.。如果keep后面用现在分词，则keep的宾语是分词动作的主题，这与本题不符，所以D) 选项也不正确。
　　4. 概率确定法
考生做选择题时，在备选答案中遇到生词是难免的，这时候，不能一见到生词就不知所措，而是应该认真推敲认识的词，同时利用概率论的知识，比较准确地选择答案。如果能够认识四个备选答案中的一个、两个、或三个，可以做出以上的考虑；如果四个都不认识，这是虽用不上任何接题技巧，但也要利用构词知识根据上下文猜一个答案，这样至少会有25%答对的可能性。总之，一定要答题，不能空着。此外，需要强调的是，考生在答题时，对判断不准的答案，不能太犹豫不决，而应该当机立断做出选择。
以上几种答题方法，只是基本的常用方法。在答题时要全面考虑问题，不要顾此失彼
4. 形近动词辨析
　　例：1997年6月四级第38题
　　The old couple decided to ____________ a boy and agirl though they had three of their own.
　　A) adapt 　　B) bring 　　C) receive　　　D) adopt
　　本句的意思是：“这对老夫妇自己已经有了3个孩子，但还是决定……一个男孩和一个女孩。”空格中显然应填入一个表示“收养”意思的词。所以答案是D) adopt。选项A) Adapt和adopt形状相似，但意思截然不同。前者表示“（使）适应”，后者表示“收养”。其它两个选项也都没有“收养”的意思，都不可能是正确答案。
　　例：1997年6月四级第36题
　　I hate people who _________ the end of a film thatyou haven't seen before.
　　A) reveal B) rewrite C) revise D) reverse
　　在4个选项中，reveal的意思是makepeople aware of something（让人知道某事），常译为“泄露、揭露”，在本题中可译为“讲出来”，填入句中全句的意思完