英语中的“矛盾修辞法”是怎么回事？
分为:
1.paradox 似是而非、矛盾，主要用于statement句子，eg. It's a paradox that in such a rich country there can be so much poverty.
2.oxymoron 矛盾修辞，主要用于phrase词组，莎士比亚经常用，eg. a clever fool（clever和fool是反义词，矛盾）, bitter-sweet love（又苦又甜的爱恋），the marriage hearse（婚礼的灵车）
希望对你有用O(∩_∩)O哈！
1.paradox 似是而非、矛盾，主要用于statement句子，eg. It's a paradox that in such a rich country there can be so much poverty.
2.oxymoron 矛盾修辞，主要用于phrase词组，莎士比亚经常用，eg. a clever fool（clever和fool是反义词，矛盾）, bitter-sweet love（又苦又甜的爱恋），the marriage hearse（婚礼的灵车）
希望对你有用O(∩_∩)O哈！
这是英文中的一个什么修辞手法。
A cold welcome.是不是矛盾啊？？这是英文中的矛盾修饰法
矛盾修饰是将词汇意义相对立、相矛盾的反义词、词组置于一处,形成一种字面不合逻辑的反义聚合的修辞方法。这种对形式逻辑的超越、灵活运用的反义聚合,能达到言简意赅、深化语义、发人深思的效果。在英语中这种矛盾修饰法极为常见
例如：
1.The interview lasted for an endless morning, I got quite exhausted. (“morning”不可能“endless”，因为“interview”把人搞得“exhausted”，才搜趣网有了时间上的“endless”。把有限和无限的东西放在一起，形成矛盾修饰。)
2.He sat there and watched them, so changelessly changing, so bright and dark, so grave and gay.(他坐在那儿注视着他们，觉得眼前的景象既是始终如一，又是变化多端，既是光彩夺目，又是朦胧黑暗，既是庄严肃穆，又是轻松愉快。)
矛盾修饰法的特点就是构成相互关联的、属于反义的词被安排在一块，二者之间彼此对立，却又有着必然的联系，其产生的语言效果非常独特，令人过目不忘。比如：
cruel kindness 残酷的仁慈
painful pleasure 悲喜交加
ugly beautiful 丑中带俊
old young man 事故的年轻人
wise fool 聪明的傻瓜
loving hate 爱恨交织
unfaithful faith 不坚定的信心
walking dead 行尸走肉
从以上这些例子，我们可以发现它们结构上的一个特点，即意义相反的词都存在修饰和被修饰的关系，我们可以总结为以下几方面：
（1）形容词+名词：cruel kindness, orderly chaos, wise fool, painful pleasure
(2)动词分词+名词：loving hate, walking dead
(3)形容词+形容词：ugly beautiful, bitter sweet, poor rich
(4)副词+形容词：mercifully fatal, deadly alive, disagreeably pleasant
(5)副词+动词分词：changelessly changing, stably moving
(6)名词+名词：enemy friend, life-and-death
(7)动词+副词：hurry slowly, talk silently, live deadly
矛盾修饰是将词汇意义相对立、相矛盾的反义词、词组置于一处,形成一种字面不合逻辑的反义聚合的修辞方法。这种对形式逻辑的超越、灵活运用的反义聚合,能达到言简意赅、深化语义、发人深思的效果。在英语中这种矛盾修饰法极为常见
例如：
1.The interview lasted for an endless morning, I got quite exhausted. (“morning”不可能“endless”，因为“interview”把人搞得“exhausted”，才搜趣网有了时间上的“endless”。把有限和无限的东西放在一起，形成矛盾修饰。)
2.He sat there and watched them, so changelessly changing, so bright and dark, so grave and gay.(他坐在那儿注视着他们，觉得眼前的景象既是始终如一，又是变化多端，既是光彩夺目，又是朦胧黑暗，既是庄严肃穆，又是轻松愉快。)
矛盾修饰法的特点就是构成相互关联的、属于反义的词被安排在一块，二者之间彼此对立，却又有着必然的联系，其产生的语言效果非常独特，令人过目不忘。比如：
cruel kindness 残酷的仁慈
painful pleasure 悲喜交加
ugly beautiful 丑中带俊
old young man 事故的年轻人
wise fool 聪明的傻瓜
loving hate 爱恨交织
unfaithful faith 不坚定的信心
walking dead 行尸走肉
从以上这些例子，我们可以发现它们结构上的一个特点，即意义相反的词都存在修饰和被修饰的关系，我们可以总结为以下几方面：
（1）形容词+名词：cruel kindness, orderly chaos, wise fool, painful pleasure
(2)动词分词+名词：loving hate, walking dead
(3)形容词+形容词：ugly beautiful, bitter sweet, poor rich
(4)副词+形容词：mercifully fatal, deadly alive, disagreeably pleasant
(5)副词+动词分词：changelessly changing, stably moving
(6)名词+名词：enemy friend, life-and-death
(7)动词+副词：hurry slowly, talk silently, live deadly
英语中你见过哪些让你拍案叫绝的矛盾修辞法(Oxymoron)?
英语中你见过下面这些让我拍案叫绝的矛盾修辞法有比喻。
The two girls, therefore, were from an early age not the least daunted by either art or ideal politics. It was their natural atmosphere. They were at once cosmopolitan and provincial, with the cosmopolitan provincialism of art that goes with pure social ideals.
一如何学习英语音标
（1）找学习资料。首先确认自己想要学习的哪种类型的音标。然后找有出版纸质教程的书籍，因为这样的教程会比较严谨，并且有自己的一套系统的教程。比较推荐的就是《新概念英语国际音标一点通》、《美语从头学，赖世雄:美语音标》，这两套教程。
（2）学习音标时，最好要有一名有经验的指导老师来指导，如果条件不允许找一段标准的发音视频，跟着视频中人的嘴型进行练习也好。在练习时也要有一面镜子，在练习音标开始阶段需要通过镜子来使自己发音的嘴型来达到标准。
二学习英语的原因
（1）学英语最大好处就是：掌握一门国际语言，走天下，其次对未来的发展有帮助，具体化就是工作福利、以及个人的一些工作发展都有着很大的帮助，小孩的话则是升初学、考取学校有很大的加分。
（2）我们很可能住在两个不同的地方，生长在不同的文化背景之下。但我们都知道，这个世界需要更多的爱和理解。还有什么比起用英语（或其他语言）和外国友人交流更能使这个世界更加美好的呢？
英语25个修辞手法以及例句 急急急
需要英语的25个修辞手法以及其对应的2个例句。2 个哈！！当然多多益善英语修辞手法
1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country./ This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.
2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage./ The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.
3) Analogy: (类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.
4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.
5) Hyperbole: (夸张） It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.
6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述） It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.
7) Euphemism: (委婉）It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as” pass away".
8) Metonymy (转喻） It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces). 借代（metonymy）是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
1、Several years later, word came that Napoleonyh himself was coming to inspect them...
几年以后，他们听说拿破仑要亲自来视察他们。
“word”在这里代替了“news, information”（消息、信息）
2、Al spoke with his eyes,“yes”.
艾尔用眼睛说，“是的”。
“说”应该是嘴的功能，这里实际上是用眼神表达了“说话的意思”。
9) Synecdoche (提喻） It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.
10) Antonomasia (换喻）It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.
11) Pun: (双关语） It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)/ Napoleon was astonished.”Either you are mad, or I am,”he declared. “Both，sir!”cried the Swede proudly. “Both”一词一语双关，既指拿破仑和这位士兵都是疯子，又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役
12) Syllepsis: (一语双叙） It has two connotations.
In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.)
In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mind is figurative, and means to go mad.)
13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配） It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)
14) Irony: (反语） It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.
15) Innuendo: (暗讽） It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不赞美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.
16) Sarcasm: (讽刺） It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.
17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语） It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more haste, less speed.
18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰） It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).
19) Antithesis: (对照） It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.
20) Epigram: (警句） It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.
21) Climax: (渐进） It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered.
22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降）It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.
23) Apostrophe： (顿呼） In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!
24) Transferred Epithet: (转类形容词） It is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleepless nights on my project.
25) Alliteration: (头韵） It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free. 头韵法（alliteration）在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。 How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness.
26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声） It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movement. Eg: On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing./ She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt——sunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one.
1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country./ This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.
2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage./ The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.
3) Analogy: (类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.
4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.
5) Hyperbole: (夸张） It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.
6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述） It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.
7) Euphemism: (委婉）It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as” pass away".
8) Metonymy (转喻） It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces). 借代（metonymy）是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
1、Several years later, word came that Napoleonyh himself was coming to inspect them...
几年以后，他们听说拿破仑要亲自来视察他们。
“word”在这里代替了“news, information”（消息、信息）
2、Al spoke with his eyes,“yes”.
艾尔用眼睛说，“是的”。
“说”应该是嘴的功能，这里实际上是用眼神表达了“说话的意思”。
9) Synecdoche (提喻） It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.
10) Antonomasia (换喻）It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.
11) Pun: (双关语） It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)/ Napoleon was astonished.”Either you are mad, or I am,”he declared. “Both，sir!”cried the Swede proudly. “Both”一词一语双关，既指拿破仑和这位士兵都是疯子，又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役
12) Syllepsis: (一语双叙） It has two connotations.
In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.)
In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mind is figurative, and means to go mad.)
13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配） It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)
14) Irony: (反语） It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.
15) Innuendo: (暗讽） It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不赞美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.
16) Sarcasm: (讽刺） It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.
17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语） It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more haste, less speed.
18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰） It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).
19) Antithesis: (对照） It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.
20) Epigram: (警句） It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.
21) Climax: (渐进） It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered.
22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降）It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.
23) Apostrophe： (顿呼） In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!
24) Transferred Epithet: (转类形容词） It is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleepless nights on my project.
25) Alliteration: (头韵） It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free. 头韵法（alliteration）在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。 How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness.
26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声） It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movement. Eg: On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing./ She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt——sunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one.
求关于英语修辞的知识
请问这些修辞法指什么，请用例句说明，谢谢哈~allusion,antithesis,apostrophe搜趣网,circumlocution,metonymy,synecdoche,vision,zeugma积极修辞(Active Rhetoric Techniques)
它主要指那些有相对固定格式的修辞性写作技巧。常见分类如下：
词义修辞格
(Lexical Stylistic Devices) metaphor（比喻）, metonymy（借代）, personification（拟人）, irony（反语）, hyperbole（夸张）, understatement（低调）, euphemism（委婉语）, contrast（对照）, oxymoron（矛盾修辞法）, transferred epithet（移就）, pun（双关）, syllepsis（异叙）, zeugma（粘连）, parody（仿拟）, paradox（隽语）
结构修辞格
(Syntactical Stylistic Devices) repetition（反复）, catchword repetition（联珠）, chiasmus（回文）, parallelism（平行结构）, antithesis（反对）, rhetoric question（设问）, anticlimax（突降）
音韵修辞格
(Phonetic Stylistic Devices) alliteration（头韵）, onomatopoeia（拟声）
1． Parody（仿拟）
如：Clearly, when it comes to marriage, practicing beforehand doesn’t make perfect. 可以译成：显然，在婚姻问题上，婚前同居并不能令婚姻生活趋于完美。
2、Syllepsis（异叙）
如：He first put a club in my hand when I was about ten. I threw a lot of tantrums in the upland hills of North Carolina, and clubs too. I was in such a rush to be good that he would urge me to “relax and enjoy the round. The game ends far too soon.” I didn’t have a clue what he meant. 试译：他第一次把高尔夫球棒放在我手里的时候，我大概十岁。在北卡罗来纳州的山中，我一次次发脾气，一次次把球棒扔掉。我急于求成，老爸总是劝我“放松点，慢慢打，比赛结束得太快了。”
3． metonymy（借代）借代一般可以保留原文的修辞方式，不会引起误会，同时让译文多了一份词趣。如：So, during any five-week shape-up, focus more on the tape measure than on the bathroom scale. 译文A：因此，在此五周的减肥期内，要更多地注重自己的腰围，而不是自己的体重。译文B：因此，在此五周的减肥期内，把注意力放在量腰围的卷尺上，而不是放在浴室的磅秤上。
4． pun（双关）有许多看似无法在译文中挽留的原文形式的神韵和风采在译文中却得以挽留。如：First gentleman: Thou art always figuring disease in me, but thou art full of error, I am sound. Lucio: Nay, not as one would say, healthy; but so sound as things that are hollow; impiety has made a feast of thee. （整个对话之谐趣尽系双关词汇sound。）试译：绅士甲：你总以为我有那种病，其实你大错特错，我的身体响当当的。路奇奥：响当当的，可并不结实，就像空心的东西那样响当当的，你的骨头都空了，好色的毛病把你掏空了。
5． alliteration（头韵）英语辞格押头韵的手法历来被认为是不可译的，但是，面对alliteration，并不意味译者就无所作为。如下的两段译文就做了成功的尝试。如：Change is part of life and the making of character, hon. When the things happen that you do not like, you have two choices: You get bitter or better. 试译：变化是生活的一部分，而且也塑造了人的意志品德，亲爱的。当你不喜欢的事情发生了，你有两种选择：要么痛苦不堪；要么痛快达观。
6． metaphor（比喻）这个metaphor并非狭隘意义上的把A比作B的不使用比喻词（如as, like, as if等）的暗喻，而是广义上的英语词汇的比喻义。换言之，也就是英语词汇denotation(本义)之外的connotation(转义)。Peter Newmark在A Textbook of Translation中把英语中的比喻分成四类，令人耳目一新 have suggested elsewhere that there are four types of metaphor: fossilized, stock, recently created and original. 第一类：有学生在作文中写出如下句子：In the middle of the picnic, it started to rain cats and dogs, and everybody got soaked. 该句子被改为：While we were busy eating a picnic, a storm cloud suddenly appeared andwww.souquanme.com everybody got soaked. 在A Dictionary of American Idioms中，写道：rain cats and dogs: To rain very hard; come down in torrents------A cliché. 美国朋友说: If you use thi搜趣网s metaphor, I will doubt if you are my grandfather’s uncle! 第二类：stock(常用的)这是指已被收入词典，但并不属于cliché范畴的比喻。如：flood一词的用法。She was in a flood of tears. (她泪流如注。) The corridors were flooded with girls. (走廊里挤满了女孩子。) Strawberries flooded the market and prices dropped down. (草莓充斥市场，价格下跌。) 第三类的标准应该是：至少目前商未被收入词典，同时又让人www.souquanme.com接受，并感到新意扑面。如在一篇名为Rescue of A Newborn 中有三个句子：A. I focused on a small blob in the mud amid the columns of legs and trunks. B. I suddenly came upon a wall of feeding elephants. C. …grabbed their lost baby and tugged her gently into a stockade of legs. 第四类：original这种比喻并非随处可见，唾手可得。它是灵感思维的产物。这种比喻在词典上无踪影可觅，而且连参照物可能也没有。如：Jeff Rennicke在A Promise of Spring 中开卷段是：Nothing. No tracks but my own are stitched into the dusting of fresh snow, white as birch bark, that fell during the night. No flittering shadows in the trees, not a sliver of bird song in the air. 试译：白茫茫的一片。没有别的什么踪迹，只有我的脚印如细密的针脚印在积雪上。积雪白如桦树皮，是昨夜落下的。在树上没有鸟儿轻捷的身影，在空中也听不到鸟儿一丝的啁啾。
它主要指那些有相对固定格式的修辞性写作技巧。常见分类如下：
词义修辞格
(Lexical Stylistic Devices) metaphor（比喻）, metonymy（借代）, personification（拟人）, irony（反语）, hyperbole（夸张）, understatement（低调）, euphemism（委婉语）, contrast（对照）, oxymoron（矛盾修辞法）, transferred epithet（移就）, pun（双关）, syllepsis（异叙）, zeugma（粘连）, parody（仿拟）, paradox（隽语）
结构修辞格
(Syntactical Stylistic Devices) repetition（反复）, catchword repetition（联珠）, chiasmus（回文）, parallelism（平行结构）, antithesis（反对）, rhetoric question（设问）, anticlimax（突降）
音韵修辞格
(Phonetic Stylistic Devices) alliteration（头韵）, onomatopoeia（拟声）
1． Parody（仿拟）
如：Clearly, when it comes to marriage, practicing beforehand doesn’t make perfect. 可以译成：显然，在婚姻问题上，婚前同居并不能令婚姻生活趋于完美。
2、Syllepsis（异叙）
如：He first put a club in my hand when I was about ten. I threw a lot of tantrums in the upland hills of North Carolina, and clubs too. I was in such a rush to be good that he would urge me to “relax and enjoy the round. The game ends far too soon.” I didn’t have a clue what he meant. 试译：他第一次把高尔夫球棒放在我手里的时候，我大概十岁。在北卡罗来纳州的山中，我一次次发脾气，一次次把球棒扔掉。我急于求成，老爸总是劝我“放松点，慢慢打，比赛结束得太快了。”
3． metonymy（借代）借代一般可以保留原文的修辞方式，不会引起误会，同时让译文多了一份词趣。如：So, during any five-week shape-up, focus more on the tape measure than on the bathroom scale. 译文A：因此，在此五周的减肥期内，要更多地注重自己的腰围，而不是自己的体重。译文B：因此，在此五周的减肥期内，把注意力放在量腰围的卷尺上，而不是放在浴室的磅秤上。
4． pun（双关）有许多看似无法在译文中挽留的原文形式的神韵和风采在译文中却得以挽留。如：First gentleman: Thou art always figuring disease in me, but thou art full of error, I am sound. Lucio: Nay, not as one would say, healthy; but so sound as things that are hollow; impiety has made a feast of thee. （整个对话之谐趣尽系双关词汇sound。）试译：绅士甲：你总以为我有那种病，其实你大错特错，我的身体响当当的。路奇奥：响当当的，可并不结实，就像空心的东西那样响当当的，你的骨头都空了，好色的毛病把你掏空了。
5． alliteration（头韵）英语辞格押头韵的手法历来被认为是不可译的，但是，面对alliteration，并不意味译者就无所作为。如下的两段译文就做了成功的尝试。如：Change is part of life and the making of character, hon. When the things happen that you do not like, you have two choices: You get bitter or better. 试译：变化是生活的一部分，而且也塑造了人的意志品德，亲爱的。当你不喜欢的事情发生了，你有两种选择：要么痛苦不堪；要么痛快达观。
6． metaphor（比喻）这个metaphor并非狭隘意义上的把A比作B的不使用比喻词（如as, like, as if等）的暗喻，而是广义上的英语词汇的比喻义。换言之，也就是英语词汇denotation(本义)之外的connotation(转义)。Peter Newmark在A Textbook of Translation中把英语中的比喻分成四类，令人耳目一新 have suggested elsewhere that there are four types of metaphor: fossilized, stock, recently created and original. 第一类：有学生在作文中写出如下句子：In the middle of the picnic, it started to rain cats and dogs, and everybody got soaked. 该句子被改为：While we were busy eating a picnic, a storm cloud suddenly appeared andwww.souquanme.com everybody got soaked. 在A Dictionary of American Idioms中，写道：rain cats and dogs: To rain very hard; come down in torrents------A cliché. 美国朋友说: If you use thi搜趣网s metaphor, I will doubt if you are my grandfather’s uncle! 第二类：stock(常用的)这是指已被收入词典，但并不属于cliché范畴的比喻。如：flood一词的用法。She was in a flood of tears. (她泪流如注。) The corridors were flooded with girls. (走廊里挤满了女孩子。) Strawberries flooded the market and prices dropped down. (草莓充斥市场，价格下跌。) 第三类的标准应该是：至少目前商未被收入词典，同时又让人www.souquanme.com接受，并感到新意扑面。如在一篇名为Rescue of A Newborn 中有三个句子：A. I focused on a small blob in the mud amid the columns of legs and trunks. B. I suddenly came upon a wall of feeding elephants. C. …grabbed their lost baby and tugged her gently into a stockade of legs. 第四类：original这种比喻并非随处可见，唾手可得。它是灵感思维的产物。这种比喻在词典上无踪影可觅，而且连参照物可能也没有。如：Jeff Rennicke在A Promise of Spring 中开卷段是：Nothing. No tracks but my own are stitched into the dusting of fresh snow, white as birch bark, that fell during the night. No flittering shadows in the trees, not a sliver of bird song in the air. 试译：白茫茫的一片。没有别的什么踪迹，只有我的脚印如细密的针脚印在积雪上。积雪白如桦树皮，是昨夜落下的。在树上没有鸟儿轻捷的身影，在空中也听不到鸟儿一丝的啁啾。
