求Struts英文资料要附带中文翻译
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Struts
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Apache Struts is an open-source web application framework for developing Java EE web applications. It uses and extends the Java Servlet API to encourage developers to adopt a model-view-controller (MVC) architecture. It was originally created by Craig McClanahan and donated to the Apache Foundation in May, 2000. Formerly located under the Apache Jakarta Project and known as Jakarta Struts, it became a top level Apache project in 2005.
Design goals and overview
In a standard Java EE web application, the client will typically submit information to the server via a web form. The information is then either handed over to a Java Servlet which processes it, interacts with a database and produces an HTML-formatted response, or it is given to a JavaServer Pages (JSP) document which intermingles HTML and Java code to achieve the same result. Both approaches are often considered inadequate for large projects because they mix application logic with presentation and make maintenance difficult.
The goal of Struts is to cleanly separate the model (application logic that interacts with a database) from the view (HTML pages presented to the client) and the controller (instance that passes information between view //www.souquanme.comand model). Struts provides the controller (a servlet known as ActionServlet) and facilitates the writing of templates for the view or presentation layer (typically in JSP, but XML/XSLT and Velocity are also supported). The web application programmer is responsible for writing the model code, and for creating a central configuration file struts-config.xml which binds together model, view and controller.
Requests from the client are sent to the controller in the form of "Actions" defined in the configuration file; if the controller receives such a request it calls the corresponding Action class which interacts with the application specific model code. The model code returns an "ActionForward", a string telling the controller which output page to send to the client. Informat搜趣网ion is passed between model and view in the form of special JavaBeans. A powerful custom tag library allows it to read and write the content//www.souquanme.com of these beans from the presentation layer without the need for any embedded Java code.
Struts also supports i18n (internationalization), provides facilities for the validation of data submitted by web forms, and includes a template mechanism called "Tiles" which (for instance) allows the presentation layer to be composed from independent header, footer, and content components.
Competing MVC frameworks
Although Struts is a well documented, mature and popular framework for building front ends to Java applications, it is facing new challenges from newer "light weight" MVC frameworks such as Spring MVC, Stripes and Tapestry. The new XForms standards and frameworks may also be another option to building complex web Form validations with Struts in the future.
The WebWork framework spun off from Apache Struts several years ago, aiming to offer enhancements and refinements while retaining the same general architecture of the original Struts framework. However, it was announced in December 2005 that Struts would re-merge with WebWork. WebWork 2.2 has been adopted as Apache Struts 2, which reached its first full release in February 2007.
Sun recently brought out a new addition to the Java platform, called JavaServer Faces (JSF). Aside from the original framework, the Apache Struts project also offers a JSF-based framework called Shale.
Other MVC frameworks that are not J2EE based include Ruby on Rails, WebObjects, Django, Catalyst, TurboGears, CakePHP, Symfony (for PHP), Zend, Achievo ATK, and CodeIgniter (for PHP). Struts4php is a version of the Struts framework for the PHP web scripting language. Girders is a port of the Struts framework in C# for Microsoft .NET.
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中文
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Struts 是 Apache软件基金会（ASF）赞助的一个开源项目。它最初是 Jakarta项目中的一个子项目，并在2004年3月成为ASF的顶级项目。它通过采用 Java Servlet/JSP 技术，实现了基于Java EE Web应用的 Model-View-Controller〔MVC〕设计模式的应用框架〔Web Framework〕，是 MVC 经典设计模式中的一个经典产品。
MVC结构
在 Struts 中，已经由一个名为 ActionServlet 的 Servlet 充当 控制器(Controller)的角色，根据描述模型、视图、控制器对应关系的 struts-config.xml 的配置文件，转发视图(View)的请求，组装响应数据模型（Model）。在 MVC 的 模型（Model）部分，经常划分为两个主要子系统（系统的内部数据状态与改变数据状态的逻辑动作），这两个概念子系统分别具体对应 Struts 里的 ActionForm 与 Action 两个需要继承实现超类。在这里，Struts 可以与各种标准的数据访问技术结合在一起，包括Enterprise Java Beans（EJB）, JDBC 与 JNDI。在 Struts 的视图（View） 端，除了使用标准的JavaServer Pages（JSP）以外，还提供了大量的标签库使用，同时也可以与其他表现层组件技术（产品）进行整合，比如 Velocity Templates，XSLT 等。通过应用 Struts 的框架，最终用户可以把大部分的关注点放在自己的业务逻辑（Action）与 映射关系的配置文件（struts-config.xml）中。
发展历程
在 Java EE 的Web应用发展的初期，除了使用 Servlet 技术以外，普遍是在 JavaServer Pages (JSP)的源代码中，采用 HTML 与 Java 代码混合的方式进行开发。因为这两种方式不可避免的要把表现与业务逻辑代码混合在一起，都给前期开发与后期维护带来巨大的复杂度。为了摆脱上述的约束与局限，把业务逻辑代码从表现层中清晰的分离出来，2000年，Craig McClanahan 采用了 MVC 的设计模式开发Struts。后来该框架产品一度被认为是最广泛、最流行 JAVA 的 WEB 应用框架。
2006年，WebWork 与 Struts 这两个优秀的Java EE Web框架(Web Framework〕的团体，决定合作共同开发一个新的，整合了 WebWork 与 Struts 优点，并且更加优雅、扩展性更强的框架，命名为 “Struts 2”，原Struts的1.x 版本产品称为“Struts 1”。
至此，Struts项目并行提供与维护两个主要版本的框架产品——Struts 1 与 Struts 2。
Struts
====
Apache Struts is an open-source web application framework for developing Java EE web applications. It uses and extends the Java Servlet API to encourage developers to adopt a model-view-controller (MVC) architecture. It was originally created by Craig McClanahan and donated to the Apache Foundation in May, 2000. Formerly located under the Apache Jakarta Project and known as Jakarta Struts, it became a top level Apache project in 2005.
Design goals and overview
In a standard Java EE web application, the client will typically submit information to the server via a web form. The information is then either handed over to a Java Servlet which processes it, interacts with a database and produces an HTML-formatted response, or it is given to a JavaServer Pages (JSP) document which intermingles HTML and Java code to achieve the same result. Both approaches are often considered inadequate for large projects because they mix application logic with presentation and make maintenance difficult.
The goal of Struts is to cleanly separate the model (application logic that interacts with a database) from the view (HTML pages presented to the client) and the controller (instance that passes information between view //www.souquanme.comand model). Struts provides the controller (a servlet known as ActionServlet) and facilitates the writing of templates for the view or presentation layer (typically in JSP, but XML/XSLT and Velocity are also supported). The web application programmer is responsible for writing the model code, and for creating a central configuration file struts-config.xml which binds together model, view and controller.
Requests from the client are sent to the controller in the form of "Actions" defined in the configuration file; if the controller receives such a request it calls the corresponding Action class which interacts with the application specific model code. The model code returns an "ActionForward", a string telling the controller which output page to send to the client. Informat搜趣网ion is passed between model and view in the form of special JavaBeans. A powerful custom tag library allows it to read and write the content//www.souquanme.com of these beans from the presentation layer without the need for any embedded Java code.
Struts also supports i18n (internationalization), provides facilities for the validation of data submitted by web forms, and includes a template mechanism called "Tiles" which (for instance) allows the presentation layer to be composed from independent header, footer, and content components.
Competing MVC frameworks
Although Struts is a well documented, mature and popular framework for building front ends to Java applications, it is facing new challenges from newer "light weight" MVC frameworks such as Spring MVC, Stripes and Tapestry. The new XForms standards and frameworks may also be another option to building complex web Form validations with Struts in the future.
The WebWork framework spun off from Apache Struts several years ago, aiming to offer enhancements and refinements while retaining the same general architecture of the original Struts framework. However, it was announced in December 2005 that Struts would re-merge with WebWork. WebWork 2.2 has been adopted as Apache Struts 2, which reached its first full release in February 2007.
Sun recently brought out a new addition to the Java platform, called JavaServer Faces (JSF). Aside from the original framework, the Apache Struts project also offers a JSF-based framework called Shale.
Other MVC frameworks that are not J2EE based include Ruby on Rails, WebObjects, Django, Catalyst, TurboGears, CakePHP, Symfony (for PHP), Zend, Achievo ATK, and CodeIgniter (for PHP). Struts4php is a version of the Struts framework for the PHP web scripting language. Girders is a port of the Struts framework in C# for Microsoft .NET.
===
中文
===
Struts 是 Apache软件基金会（ASF）赞助的一个开源项目。它最初是 Jakarta项目中的一个子项目，并在2004年3月成为ASF的顶级项目。它通过采用 Java Servlet/JSP 技术，实现了基于Java EE Web应用的 Model-View-Controller〔MVC〕设计模式的应用框架〔Web Framework〕，是 MVC 经典设计模式中的一个经典产品。
MVC结构
在 Struts 中，已经由一个名为 ActionServlet 的 Servlet 充当 控制器(Controller)的角色，根据描述模型、视图、控制器对应关系的 struts-config.xml 的配置文件，转发视图(View)的请求，组装响应数据模型（Model）。在 MVC 的 模型（Model）部分，经常划分为两个主要子系统（系统的内部数据状态与改变数据状态的逻辑动作），这两个概念子系统分别具体对应 Struts 里的 ActionForm 与 Action 两个需要继承实现超类。在这里，Struts 可以与各种标准的数据访问技术结合在一起，包括Enterprise Java Beans（EJB）, JDBC 与 JNDI。在 Struts 的视图（View） 端，除了使用标准的JavaServer Pages（JSP）以外，还提供了大量的标签库使用，同时也可以与其他表现层组件技术（产品）进行整合，比如 Velocity Templates，XSLT 等。通过应用 Struts 的框架，最终用户可以把大部分的关注点放在自己的业务逻辑（Action）与 映射关系的配置文件（struts-config.xml）中。
发展历程
在 Java EE 的Web应用发展的初期，除了使用 Servlet 技术以外，普遍是在 JavaServer Pages (JSP)的源代码中，采用 HTML 与 Java 代码混合的方式进行开发。因为这两种方式不可避免的要把表现与业务逻辑代码混合在一起，都给前期开发与后期维护带来巨大的复杂度。为了摆脱上述的约束与局限，把业务逻辑代码从表现层中清晰的分离出来，2000年，Craig McClanahan 采用了 MVC 的设计模式开发Struts。后来该框架产品一度被认为是最广泛、最流行 JAVA 的 WEB 应用框架。
2006年，WebWork 与 Struts 这两个优秀的Java EE Web框架(Web Framework〕的团体，决定合作共同开发一个新的，整合了 WebWork 与 Struts 优点，并且更加优雅、扩展性更强的框架，命名为 “Struts 2”，原Struts的1.x 版本产品称为“Struts 1”。
至此，Struts项目并行提供与维护两个主要版本的框架产品——Struts 1 与 Struts 2。
请人翻译
Perhaps youx27ve heard the word “strut”. Struts are simply shock absorbers used as major structural members. For struts, the shock absorber is placed inside the coil spring. In addition to saving space, it often costs less. Many cars use a strut design.也许你听说过这个词"支撑"，Struts只是作为作为主要的结构会员使用的减震器，在struts中，减震器内放置弹簧，除了节省空间，成本也比较低，许多汽车上都是用支撑设计.
请帮忙翻译这些句子
一些自己拿不准的东西，请帮忙翻译一下，谢谢！ Then I guess you jet-sitting fancy free bustards need that kind of constancy splashy reassurance. Minibars are kinda exotic besides war. A poor player that struts and frets his hour upon the stage and then is heard of no more. This narrow minded stuff that just gets stronger on the paper without any relevant importance of anything.Then I guess you jet-sitting fancy free bustards need that kind of constancy splashy reassurance.
我猜你们这些只知道坐着、时髦、有钱的混蛋们需要那种不变的四处飞溅的休闲。
Minibars are kinda exotic besides war.
小型酒吧颇有些异国情调，除了战争。
A poor player that struts and frets his hour upon the stage and then is heard of no more.
一个拙劣的演员在舞台上大放光彩然后就销声匿迹了。
This narrow minded stuff that just gets stronger on the paper without any relevant importance of anything.
这个狭隘的家伙只能在纸上谈兵，并不能带来任何实际意义。
我猜你们这些只知道坐着、时髦、有钱的混蛋们需要那种不变的四处飞溅的休闲。
Minibars are kinda exotic besides war.
小型酒吧颇有些异国情调，除了战争。
A poor player that struts and frets his hour upon the stage and then is heard of no more.
一个拙劣的演员在舞台上大放光彩然后就销声匿迹了。
This narrow minded stuff that just gets stronger on the paper without any relevant importance of anything.
这个狭隘的家伙只能在纸上谈兵，并不能带来任何实际意义。
struts和structs,到底什么鸟关系，说的是同一个东西吗？
我们学的都说的是struts(就是三大框架之一)，后来听见一个同学天天说structs，我就蛋疼了，我问他structs是什么，他扯不清楚，百度文库里面也扯淡，一下struts一下structsstruts是阿帕奇（Apache）的一个开源项目搜趣网，是一个开源项目，前端servlet和jsp之间的数据传输问题，他解决了jsp到servlet的传值和跳转，省略某些必不可少的但没有又乏味的代码，struts有一个中央控制器和许多action组成，运行时，jsp请求action，中央控制器的拦截器拦截到请求并转到需要的action地址，并将jsp的数据注入到action中的实例变量中，action自己写//www.souquanme.com，只处理跳转问题。现在一般用的是struts2，是apache基于webwork框架的一个框架，他跟struts功能一样但解决了，struts不能实现的功能。
三大框架（struts2）省略了servlet层，（hibernate）省略了数据库连接和数据查询不用写sql了
（spring）省略了业务逻辑层的一些代码，三大框架联合使用只需要关心程序的逻辑部分，其他jsp传值，数据库部分，业务的一些问题都有框架代替了
三大框架（struts2）省略了servlet层，（hibernate）省略了数据库连接和数据查询不用写sql了
（spring）省略了业务逻辑层的一些代码，三大框架联合使用只需要关心程序的逻辑部分，其他jsp传值，数据库部分，业务的一些问题都有框架代替了
