分词短语如何作状语句？
一。 现在分词短语作时间状语有以下三种情况：
1．分词动作一发生，谓语动作紧跟着发生，这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语，其逻辑主语为句中的主语。常用的动词，如：hear, see, arrive, return, get to, look, open, close, leave, turn around, walk等，表示一个极短暂动作。
此种情况可以换作on+动名词，表示相同的意思。译作"一（刚）……就……"。
此种情况也可以换作是when引导的时间状语从句，该从句的动词多用一般过去时表示。 如：Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.（= On hearing their teacher's voice… = When they heard their teacher's voice, the pupils…）一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。
2．谓语动作发生在分词所表示的动作过程之中，则用when /while+现在分词的一般式，分词的逻辑主语为句中的主语。此种情况可以用in+动名词的一般式代替。也可以换作when、while引导的时间状语从句，该从句的谓语动词用进行时态。如：
Don't be careless when /while having an exam. = Don't be careless in having an exam. = Don't be careless when / while you are having an exam. 考试时不要粗心。
注：此结构中，不能用其他连接词替换when或while。
3．分词所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动作才发生，则要现在分词的完成式，即having done的形式。分词的逻辑主语应是句中的主语。
这种情况可以用after+动名词的一般式表示。
这种情况也可以用after /when引导的时间状语从句来替换，该从句的谓语动词用过去完成式。 如：Having finished his homework the boy was allowed to watch TV play.
After having finished his homework, the boy…
After /when he had finished his homework, the boy…
二、现在分词在句中作原因状语
1．分词短语在句中作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句。与时间状语一样，也要注意分词所表示的动作与谓语动作的先后关系。当分词所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用分词的一般形式。此时分词的逻辑主语须是句中的主语。这样的原因状语可以换成because, as引导的原因状语，该从句谓语动词用一般过去时。
Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.
因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他求助老师。
= Because he didn't know how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked…help.
2．当分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，可以用现在分词的完成式在句中作原因状语，其逻辑主语须为句中的主语，该短语的作用相当于一个原因状语从句。该从句的谓语动词须用完成时。如：
Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.
= Because we have lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.因为与那个女孩一起生活了五年，我们都非常了解她。
三、现在分词短语在句中可以作条件状语，其逻辑主语须为句中的主语，该短语相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard, you'll succeed. = If you work hard, you'll succeed. 如果你努力工作，你会成功的。
Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.
= If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.如果转向左边，你将找到通向公园的小道。
四、分词短语在句中作让步状语
分词短语在句中作让步状语时，相当于一个让步状语从句，有时分词前可以带有连接词although, whether, even if, even though。
现在分词短语作让步状语，分词的逻辑主语是句中的主语，变成状语从句时，需用主动语态。
Weighing almost one hundred jin the stone was moved by him alone.
= Although the stone weighted almost one hundred jin, it was moved by him alone. 虽然那块石头重将近一百斤，他一个人就把它挪动了。
五、分词短语在句中作结果状语
现在分词短语在句中可以作结果状语，它的逻辑主语便是句中的主语，该短语相当于一个结果状语从句，且用主动语态。分词短语在句中作结果状语时，通常位于句末，中间有逗号。有时为了加强语气，就在分词前加thus。
Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.
= Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus it caused the delay. 他们的车遇上交通阻塞，因而耽误了。
六、分词短语在句中表示方式或伴随情况
分词短语表示方式或伴随情况是比较常见的。它用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。一般情况下，现在分词所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，它的逻辑主语//www.souquanme.com就是句中的主语，谓语动词作为主要动作，而现在分词表示一个陪衬动作，它没有相应的状语从句可以转换，但可以用并列句来转换。过去分词可以说明谓语动作的背景。过去分词与其逻辑主语之间有动宾关系。如：
The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
The children laughed and talked merrily, and they ran out of the room. 那些孩子们跑出房间，愉快地笑着、说着。
Helped by their teacher, the students finished the task successfully. 在老师的帮助下，学生们成功地完成了任务。
1．分词动作一发生，谓语动作紧跟着发生，这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语，其逻辑主语为句中的主语。常用的动词，如：hear, see, arrive, return, get to, look, open, close, leave, turn around, walk等，表示一个极短暂动作。
此种情况可以换作on+动名词，表示相同的意思。译作"一（刚）……就……"。
此种情况也可以换作是when引导的时间状语从句，该从句的动词多用一般过去时表示。 如：Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.（= On hearing their teacher's voice… = When they heard their teacher's voice, the pupils…）一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。
2．谓语动作发生在分词所表示的动作过程之中，则用when /while+现在分词的一般式，分词的逻辑主语为句中的主语。此种情况可以用in+动名词的一般式代替。也可以换作when、while引导的时间状语从句，该从句的谓语动词用进行时态。如：
Don't be careless when /while having an exam. = Don't be careless in having an exam. = Don't be careless when / while you are having an exam. 考试时不要粗心。
注：此结构中，不能用其他连接词替换when或while。
3．分词所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动作才发生，则要现在分词的完成式，即having done的形式。分词的逻辑主语应是句中的主语。
这种情况可以用after+动名词的一般式表示。
这种情况也可以用after /when引导的时间状语从句来替换，该从句的谓语动词用过去完成式。 如：Having finished his homework the boy was allowed to watch TV play.
After having finished his homework, the boy…
After /when he had finished his homework, the boy…
二、现在分词在句中作原因状语
1．分词短语在句中作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句。与时间状语一样，也要注意分词所表示的动作与谓语动作的先后关系。当分词所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用分词的一般形式。此时分词的逻辑主语须是句中的主语。这样的原因状语可以换成because, as引导的原因状语，该从句谓语动词用一般过去时。
Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.
因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他求助老师。
= Because he didn't know how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked…help.
2．当分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，可以用现在分词的完成式在句中作原因状语，其逻辑主语须为句中的主语，该短语的作用相当于一个原因状语从句。该从句的谓语动词须用完成时。如：
Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.
= Because we have lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.因为与那个女孩一起生活了五年，我们都非常了解她。
三、现在分词短语在句中可以作条件状语，其逻辑主语须为句中的主语，该短语相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard, you'll succeed. = If you work hard, you'll succeed. 如果你努力工作，你会成功的。
Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.
= If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.如果转向左边，你将找到通向公园的小道。
四、分词短语在句中作让步状语
分词短语在句中作让步状语时，相当于一个让步状语从句，有时分词前可以带有连接词although, whether, even if, even though。
现在分词短语作让步状语，分词的逻辑主语是句中的主语，变成状语从句时，需用主动语态。
Weighing almost one hundred jin the stone was moved by him alone.
= Although the stone weighted almost one hundred jin, it was moved by him alone. 虽然那块石头重将近一百斤，他一个人就把它挪动了。
五、分词短语在句中作结果状语
现在分词短语在句中可以作结果状语，它的逻辑主语便是句中的主语，该短语相当于一个结果状语从句，且用主动语态。分词短语在句中作结果状语时，通常位于句末，中间有逗号。有时为了加强语气，就在分词前加thus。
Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.
= Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus it caused the delay. 他们的车遇上交通阻塞，因而耽误了。
六、分词短语在句中表示方式或伴随情况
分词短语表示方式或伴随情况是比较常见的。它用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。一般情况下，现在分词所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，它的逻辑主语//www.souquanme.com就是句中的主语，谓语动词作为主要动作，而现在分词表示一个陪衬动作，它没有相应的状语从句可以转换，但可以用并列句来转换。过去分词可以说明谓语动作的背景。过去分词与其逻辑主语之间有动宾关系。如：
The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
The children laughed and talked merrily, and they ran out of the room. 那些孩子们跑出房间，愉快地笑着、说着。
Helped by their teacher, the students finished the task successfully. 在老师的帮助下，学生们成功地完成了任务。
用分词作状语的简单句？
指句子的状语由分词充当
比如现在分词作状语：Having
finished
our
homework,
we
went
out
to
play.
过去分词作状语：Beaten
by
the
girls'
team,
all
the
boy
players
felt
upset.
比如现在分词作状语：Having
finished
our
homework,
we
went
out
to
play.
过去分词作状语：Beaten
by
the
girls'
team,
all
the
boy
players
felt
upset.
分词做状语的句子举例（英语）
由于考研语法比较薄弱，翻译成为一大难题，一直对分词做状语的翻译棘手，请教您给几个好的分词做状语的句子并带上翻译谢谢您教啊！英语语法——分词作状语
1. 分词作状语实际把状语从句简化。简化的条件：其逻辑主语一定要与主句的主语保持一致。
While he was read搜趣网ing the book, he nodded from time to time.
----Reading the book, he nodded from time to time.
Because he was shy, he didn’t come to the party.
----Being shy, he didn’t come to the party.
As the book is written in simple English, the book is easy to read.
----Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.
2. 分词作状语时可分为以下几种形式：
* doing ： 用来表示主动，且前后动作同时进行。
Returning home later, my friend learned that the police had been to the flat.
* having done: 用来表示主动,且动作发生在主句之前。
Having seen the film before, I decided not to see it again.
* being done: 用来表示被动,且前后动作同时进行。
Being questioned by the police, he felt frightened.
* done: 用来表示被动且完成
Destroyed in the storm, the house will be rebuilt.
* having been done: 用来表示被动，而且强调动作持续 一段时间或次数。
Having been defeated three times, he had to give up.
* 否定形式： not/ never + 分词结构
Not studying hard, he didn’t pass the test.
Never having taken a plane before, he was nervous.
3. 分词作状语如果前后主语一致可简化时间、条件、原因、结果和伴随等状语从句。
(条件)
If you work harder, you will do better in the exam next time.
---- Working hard, you will do better in the exam next time.
（时间）
After I did my homework, I went back home.
----Having done my homework, I went back home.
(伴随）
He hurried to the station and hoped to catch the last train.
---- He hurried to the station, hoping to catch the last train.。
(原因)
Because my friend was frightened of losing his job, he said nothing to the police.
----Frightened of losing his job, my friend said nothing to the police.
(结果)
His parents were killed in the SARS epidemic and left him an orphan.
---- His parents were killed in the SARS epidemic, leaving him an orphan.
注意： 分词不做目的状语，只有动词不定式可以。
To get high marks in the mid-exam, he cheated.
To be listed on the top of 500 largest enterprises in the world, a company should meet the following requirements.
Not to forget the key points, he wrote them down.
Exercises:
1. The plane crashed and killed 120 lives.
--The plane crashed, killing120 lives.
2. I suffered a headache yesterday, so I wasn’t in a good mood.
--Suffering from a headache yesterday, I wasn’t in a good mood.
3. When I saw them, I went down to meet them.
--Seeing them, I went down to meet them.
4. Because he has lived in Beijing for many years, he knows the city very well.
--Having lived in Beijing for many years, he knows the city very well.
5. Because it is recorded on the tape, the dictionary is availa搜趣网ble to the blind.
n Recorded on the tape, the dictionary is available to the blind.
n
6. As I was troubled by my conscience, I wrote a letter to the teacher counselor.
-- Troubled by my conscience, I wrote a letter to the teacher counselor.
7. When you are being spoken to, you should look at the other.
--Being spoken to, you should look at the other.
8. After Miss Zhong explained the text, it became clearer to us.
--Explained by Miss Zhong , the text became clearer to us.
4. 注意过去分词作状语的用法: 一般认为, 无论在从句中的动词是被动语态还是过去分词作形容词, 都直接用过去分词。
As he is tired, he wants to sit down and relax.
--Tired, he wants to sit down and relax.
As he is born and brought up in a big city, he knows nothing about farming.
--Born and brought up in a big city, he knows nothing about farming.
He came in to the room and he was very excited.
--He came in, excited.
As he was filled with confidence, he left a good impression on the interviewers.
--Filled with confidence, he left a good impression on …
He is walking along the street and a sorry-looking dog is following him.
---He is walking along the street, followed by a sorry-looking dog.
If we see the earth from the moon, it looks like a water ball.
----Seen from the moon, the earth looks like a water ball.
5.当状语从句中的动作发生的时间早于主句的动作, 分词短语可用having+ 过去分词完成形式,(一般用于时间和原因), 但注意下例动词可不用以上结构. (know, hear, see, arrive, learn等)
Not knowing where he was, I had to go alone.
Learning that he won’t come, I don’t what to do.
Hearing the sad news, I felt disappointed.
Arriving at the station, I found the last train gone.
6. 为了便于理解, 有些连词可仍然放在分词短语的前面.
1. While going to school, I met my former classmate.
2. Once seen, it won’t be forgotten.
3. Though tired, he is still in high spirits.
4. If heated, the metal expands.
6. If playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
7. He stood there as if remembering something.
8. I won’t go there unless invited.
9. I won’t speak to Miss Zhong until spoken to first.
10. When asked if I had knocked the pot to the ground, I denied.
注意: 有些连词不能保留，只能用介词。
As soon as I discovered the error, I went back to tell her about it.
On discovering the error, I went back to tell her about it.
Before he was interviewed, he had got well prepared.
Before being interviewed, he had got well prepared.
After the girl was operated on, she came to.
After being operated on, she came to.
7. 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持 一致。
When hearing the news, tears came down.
Right: When I heard the news, tears came down.
While learning English, a good dictionary is necessary.
Right: While we are learning Engli//www.souquanme.comsh, a good dictionary is necessary.
Since moving to Bejing, we haven’t heard from him.
Right: Since he moved to Beijing, we haven’t heard from him.
注意： 但一些分词短语无需考虑前后主语一致，永远保持固定结构。 如： generally speaking ； strictly speaking speaking of ； judgin搜趣网g from ；provided that…. ;talking of…
considering…; given….; supposing that…
1. General speaking, the weather in Shanghai is mild.
2. Considering her age, she looks old.
3. Judging from his abilities, he can do the job.
4. Speaking of Britain, it is separated from Europe by the English Channel.
5. Provided that he fails to come, what shall we do?
下列句子对吗？
1).Trying again, and you will have a fresh idea.
错误。 分词作状语是非谓语，而非句子，因此与主句之间不再添加连词。
Trying again, you will have a fresh idea.
Try again, and you will have a fresh idea.
If you try again, you will have a fresh idea.
2.) He got off the bus, bought some fruit and went home.
正确。 当几个动作连续发生时，时态保持一致，最后两个动作之间用and 连接。
3. ) He fell off the bicycle, hurt his leg.
错误。 在这儿hurt his leg 时结果状语，而且动作是主动的。
He fell off the bicycle, hurting his leg.
8. 独立主格结构：有时状语从句与主句之间的主语不一致，而且也
无法调整，那么除了用状语从句之外，也可用独 立主格结构，即保
留从句的主语，省略连词，用分词作非谓语。
After the job was done, they went back home.
--The job done, they went back home.
As there was nothing to do, we sat there talking.
--There being nothing to do, we sat there talking.
If time permits, we will visit another place.
--Time permitting, we will visit another place.
As the problem was settled, the meeting was over.
--The problem settled, the meeting was over.
1. 分词作状语实际把状语从句简化。简化的条件：其逻辑主语一定要与主句的主语保持一致。
While he was read搜趣网ing the book, he nodded from time to time.
----Reading the book, he nodded from time to time.
Because he was shy, he didn’t come to the party.
----Being shy, he didn’t come to the party.
As the book is written in simple English, the book is easy to read.
----Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.
2. 分词作状语时可分为以下几种形式：
* doing ： 用来表示主动，且前后动作同时进行。
Returning home later, my friend learned that the police had been to the flat.
* having done: 用来表示主动,且动作发生在主句之前。
Having seen the film before, I decided not to see it again.
* being done: 用来表示被动,且前后动作同时进行。
Being questioned by the police, he felt frightened.
* done: 用来表示被动且完成
Destroyed in the storm, the house will be rebuilt.
* having been done: 用来表示被动，而且强调动作持续 一段时间或次数。
Having been defeated three times, he had to give up.
* 否定形式： not/ never + 分词结构
Not studying hard, he didn’t pass the test.
Never having taken a plane before, he was nervous.
3. 分词作状语如果前后主语一致可简化时间、条件、原因、结果和伴随等状语从句。
(条件)
If you work harder, you will do better in the exam next time.
---- Working hard, you will do better in the exam next time.
（时间）
After I did my homework, I went back home.
----Having done my homework, I went back home.
(伴随）
He hurried to the station and hoped to catch the last train.
---- He hurried to the station, hoping to catch the last train.。
(原因)
Because my friend was frightened of losing his job, he said nothing to the police.
----Frightened of losing his job, my friend said nothing to the police.
(结果)
His parents were killed in the SARS epidemic and left him an orphan.
---- His parents were killed in the SARS epidemic, leaving him an orphan.
注意： 分词不做目的状语，只有动词不定式可以。
To get high marks in the mid-exam, he cheated.
To be listed on the top of 500 largest enterprises in the world, a company should meet the following requirements.
Not to forget the key points, he wrote them down.
Exercises:
1. The plane crashed and killed 120 lives.
--The plane crashed, killing120 lives.
2. I suffered a headache yesterday, so I wasn’t in a good mood.
--Suffering from a headache yesterday, I wasn’t in a good mood.
3. When I saw them, I went down to meet them.
--Seeing them, I went down to meet them.
4. Because he has lived in Beijing for many years, he knows the city very well.
--Having lived in Beijing for many years, he knows the city very well.
5. Because it is recorded on the tape, the dictionary is availa搜趣网ble to the blind.
n Recorded on the tape, the dictionary is available to the blind.
n
6. As I was troubled by my conscience, I wrote a letter to the teacher counselor.
-- Troubled by my conscience, I wrote a letter to the teacher counselor.
7. When you are being spoken to, you should look at the other.
--Being spoken to, you should look at the other.
8. After Miss Zhong explained the text, it became clearer to us.
--Explained by Miss Zhong , the text became clearer to us.
4. 注意过去分词作状语的用法: 一般认为, 无论在从句中的动词是被动语态还是过去分词作形容词, 都直接用过去分词。
As he is tired, he wants to sit down and relax.
--Tired, he wants to sit down and relax.
As he is born and brought up in a big city, he knows nothing about farming.
--Born and brought up in a big city, he knows nothing about farming.
He came in to the room and he was very excited.
--He came in, excited.
As he was filled with confidence, he left a good impression on the interviewers.
--Filled with confidence, he left a good impression on …
He is walking along the street and a sorry-looking dog is following him.
---He is walking along the street, followed by a sorry-looking dog.
If we see the earth from the moon, it looks like a water ball.
----Seen from the moon, the earth looks like a water ball.
5.当状语从句中的动作发生的时间早于主句的动作, 分词短语可用having+ 过去分词完成形式,(一般用于时间和原因), 但注意下例动词可不用以上结构. (know, hear, see, arrive, learn等)
Not knowing where he was, I had to go alone.
Learning that he won’t come, I don’t what to do.
Hearing the sad news, I felt disappointed.
Arriving at the station, I found the last train gone.
6. 为了便于理解, 有些连词可仍然放在分词短语的前面.
1. While going to school, I met my former classmate.
2. Once seen, it won’t be forgotten.
3. Though tired, he is still in high spirits.
4. If heated, the metal expands.
6. If playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
7. He stood there as if remembering something.
8. I won’t go there unless invited.
9. I won’t speak to Miss Zhong until spoken to first.
10. When asked if I had knocked the pot to the ground, I denied.
注意: 有些连词不能保留，只能用介词。
As soon as I discovered the error, I went back to tell her about it.
On discovering the error, I went back to tell her about it.
Before he was interviewed, he had got well prepared.
Before being interviewed, he had got well prepared.
After the girl was operated on, she came to.
After being operated on, she came to.
7. 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持 一致。
When hearing the news, tears came down.
Right: When I heard the news, tears came down.
While learning English, a good dictionary is necessary.
Right: While we are learning Engli//www.souquanme.comsh, a good dictionary is necessary.
Since moving to Bejing, we haven’t heard from him.
Right: Since he moved to Beijing, we haven’t heard from him.
注意： 但一些分词短语无需考虑前后主语一致，永远保持固定结构。 如： generally speaking ； strictly speaking speaking of ； judgin搜趣网g from ；provided that…. ;talking of…
considering…; given….; supposing that…
1. General speaking, the weather in Shanghai is mild.
2. Considering her age, she looks old.
3. Judging from his abilities, he can do the job.
4. Speaking of Britain, it is separated from Europe by the English Channel.
5. Provided that he fails to come, what shall we do?
下列句子对吗？
1).Trying again, and you will have a fresh idea.
错误。 分词作状语是非谓语，而非句子，因此与主句之间不再添加连词。
Trying again, you will have a fresh idea.
Try again, and you will have a fresh idea.
If you try again, you will have a fresh idea.
2.) He got off the bus, bought some fruit and went home.
正确。 当几个动作连续发生时，时态保持一致，最后两个动作之间用and 连接。
3. ) He fell off the bicycle, hurt his leg.
错误。 在这儿hurt his leg 时结果状语，而且动作是主动的。
He fell off the bicycle, hurting his leg.
8. 独立主格结构：有时状语从句与主句之间的主语不一致，而且也
无法调整，那么除了用状语从句之外，也可用独 立主格结构，即保
留从句的主语，省略连词，用分词作非谓语。
After the job was done, they went back home.
--The job done, they went back home.
As there was nothing to do, we sat there talking.
--There being nothing to do, we sat there talking.
If time permits, we will visit another place.
--Time permitting, we will visit another place.
As the problem was settled, the meeting was over.
--The problem settled, the meeting was over.
现在分词作状语例句
现在分词一般来说可以作时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、方式、伴随状语等等.
每个给你举一个例子吧：
1,Walking in the street,I saw him.当我在街上走时,我看到他了.（时间）
2,Working hard,you will succeed.（只要）努力工作,你就会成功.（条件）
3,Being ill,she stayed at home.（因为）生病,她留在家里.（原因）
4,Having failed many times,he didn't lost heart.有很多次失败,他没有灰心.（让步）
5,His friend died,getting him a lot of money,他的朋友死了,（所以）给了他很多钱.（结果）
6,Please answer the question using another way.请用另一种方式回答这个问题.（方式）
7,Look at the people lying on the beach.看那些人正躺在沙滩上.
每个给你举一个例子吧：
1,Walking in the street,I saw him.当我在街上走时,我看到他了.（时间）
2,Working hard,you will succeed.（只要）努力工作,你就会成功.（条件）
3,Being ill,she stayed at home.（因为）生病,她留在家里.（原因）
4,Having failed many times,he didn't lost heart.有很多次失败,他没有灰心.（让步）
5,His friend died,getting him a lot of money,他的朋友死了,（所以）给了他很多钱.（结果）
6,Please answer the question using another way.请用另一种方式回答这个问题.（方式）
7,Look at the people lying on the beach.看那些人正躺在沙滩上.
现在分词作状语的例句
现在分词作状语的例句。要2句一、作时间状语 如果现在分词的动作和主谓语的动作同时发生，分词用一般式，有时其前可以加上连词while或when。例如： ①Hearing the news，they all jumped with joy.(＝When they heard the news，they...) 听到这个消息时，他们都高兴得跳了起来。 ②Walking slowly across the grass，he pointed the gun at the lion and fired. 他慢慢地走过草地，把枪对准狮子就射击了。 ③One day，while walking along the sands towards his boat，Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man's foot. 有一天，克鲁索沿着沙滩走向他的船时，在沙子里看见一个人的脚印。 如果现在分词的动作结束之后，谓语动词的动作才发生，现在分词应用完成式。这时分词所表示的动作有一定的持续性。如果用一般式就会给人感觉到似乎是"某人在做某事时就开始做某事"，容易产生误解。但是，如果现在分词是hear，see等表示感官的动词或是leave，arrive，turn，open等表示位置转换或情况改变的动词，现在分词所表示的动作发生后，主句的动作往往紧接着发生，那就不必用完成式，仍用一般式。例如： ①Having watered the flowers(＝After／When he had watered the flowers)，he began to cut the grass. 他把花浇好后，开始割草。 ②Having eaten his dinner，the boy rushed out. 那男孩吃完了饭就跑出去了。 ③Hearing the footstep below(＝When he heard the footstep below)，he rose and went to the top of the stairs. 听见下面脚步声，他站起身来走到楼梯口去。 ④Seeing a large cake flying through the air，the driver pulled up quickly. 司机看见一只大蛋糕在空中掠过，赶紧刹车。 二、作方式状语 现在分词作方式状语很容易与伴随状语、同位语、定语相混淆。试分析下列句子： ...But later，people developed a way of printing，using rocks. ……但是以后，人们利用石块发展了印刷术。 有人对该句using rocks提出了以下看法： 1)把它视作相当于一个非限制性定语从句。 2)把它视作a way of printing的同位语。 3)把它视作状语，表示伴随情况或方式。 笔者赞成第三种看法，表示方式状语(但不是伴随状语)。因为句中using rocks表明人们用什么方法发明了一种印刷方法，是涉及到用how或by what means的回答问题，所以，如果把句中using前的逗号去掉，改为by，则句意保持不变。又如： He earns a living by driving.他靠开卡车谋生。 They would be ableto reply to our signals by using similar methods. 他们将能用同样的方法回答我们的信号。 三、作目的状语例如： ①Pappy ran out to the gate and told him not to come fooling(＝to fool)round there no more. 巴比跑到大门口去叫他不要再到这儿来游荡。(钱歌川，《英语疑难详解》P237) ②The six blind men stood there begging for a meal.(＝in order to beg for a meal)六个瞎子站在那儿要饭。 四、作结果状语例如： ①I thought he was making fun of me，and ran faster than ever，reaching(＝so that I reached)the school yard quite out of breath. 我想他在拿我开玩笑，就越发跑得快了，到达校园时已经上气不接下气。 ②Her husband died ten years ago，leaving her with three children to look after.她丈夫十年前去世了，撇下她和三个孩子。 五、作伴随状语 伴随状语的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。例如： ①He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅里读报。 ②All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。 六、作原因状语 现在分词短语作原因状语，尤其是be，feel，know，recognize，fear等状态动词的现在分词(短语)，以及现在分词的否定式用作状语时，通常表示 原因。例如： ①Being sick，I stayed at home.我因病呆在家中。 ②Not knowing her address，I can't write to her.由于不知道她的地址，我没法给她写信。 ③Not having done(＝As he has not done)his homework，he stayed at home. 由于他没完成作业，只好呆在家里。 七、作条件状语例如： Taking(＝If you take)the path that leads out of the town，you will come to a dense wood. 如果你沿着通向郊外的小道前进，就会走到一片密林处。 八、起补充说明作用 现在分词短语起补充说明的作用与伴随状语有些相似，但严格地说，它不是伴随状语，因为它所表达的情景不与句子的动作相伴而产生，实际上，它起着补充说明的作用，相当于一个并列分句，但比分句简洁、明快。例如： ①My train leaves at six，arriving in Chicago at ten.＝...and will arrive in Chicago at ten. ②The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks，adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.＝...and added that he had enjoyed his stay here.
