英语虚拟从句
英语虚拟从句用法一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
（一）形式
注：
1．在从句中，be动词多用were的形式。在口语中，如果主语是第一、第三人称单数的话，be动词可用was，但人们总是说：If I were you．．．
2．主句中的谓语可以由would，should，could和 might这四个不同的情态动词来构成。
3．与将来事实相反的条件从句中，谓语有三种不同的形式：过去式、were ＋to do或should ＋do。
例句1：If I were you，I would study hard．我要是你的话，我就会好好学习。（与现在事实相反）
例句2：If I had studied hard，I would have passed CET-6 last semester．我要是早就JcbRI好好学习的话，那么我上个学期就通过六级考试了。（与过去事实相反）
例句3：If Iwere to pass CET-6，I would treat you to dinner at KFC．我要是过了六级考试，就请你去吃肯德基。（与将来事实相反）
（二）省略／倒装
如果在虚拟从句中包含有一个助动词、情态动词、动词be或have，则可把if省略，把上类动词提到主语之前，使用倒装语序。
例句4：Had it not been for the PLA，we wouldn’t have been able to beat the flood．4要不是人民解放军，我们是无法战胜洪水的。
例句5：Were he here now，he would certainly help me．5他要是在这里肯定会帮我的忙。
注4：例句4中的从句部分出现了否定词not，如果把该句还原成正常语序，应该是：
If it hadn’t been for the PLA，we wouldn’t have been able to beat the flood．
但是一旦句子发生了省略，就必须把hadn’t分开，否定词not还原，放在主语之后，不可写成Hadn’t it been for的形式。
注5：在虚拟条件从句中，动词be在正常语序中常用were，在口语中，当主语是第一、第三人称单数时，可用was，但在if的倒装句中，必须用were。
（三）错综时间条件句
有时，从句和主句中所表示的动作发生的时间是不一致的，这时就要根据其所表示的时间来进行调整。
例句6：If I were you，I would have gone to see the doctor．我要是你，我早就去看病了。（从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反）
例句7：If you had gone to see the doctor，you would be all right now．你要早去看病，你现在就没事了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）
（四）含蓄条件句
虚拟的条件有时可以不用条件从句来表示，而是通过某些介词短语来表达。
例句8：But for the English test，I would have gone home this week．6要不是英语测试，我这个礼拜就回家了。
注6：除了but for（要不是）以外，能够表示虚拟条件的词和短语还包括：but that（要不是）、without（没有）、otherwise（否则）、or（不然）、under．．．circumstances（在……的情况下）、in the past（在过去）等等。
二、虚拟语气在其他从句中的用法
（一）宾语从句
1．wish后的宾语从句
例句9：I wish I were as young as you．7我希望自己像你一样年轻。
注7：wish从句后使用虚拟语气时，动词的形式根据所表示的时间概念而采用不同形式：过去时（与现在相反）、过去完成时（与过去事实相反）或过去将来时（与将来事实相反）。
2．would rather和would sooner后的宾语从句
两个词组都表示宁愿、宁可的意思，后面如用宾语从句，动词采用过去时（与现在或将来事实相反）或过去完成时（与过去事实相反）。
例句10：I’d rather I hadn’t met you．8我宁愿从来就没遇见过你。
（一）形式
注：
1．在从句中，be动词多用were的形式。在口语中，如果主语是第一、第三人称单数的话，be动词可用was，但人们总是说：If I were you．．．
2．主句中的谓语可以由would，should，could和 might这四个不同的情态动词来构成。
3．与将来事实相反的条件从句中，谓语有三种不同的形式：过去式、were ＋to do或should ＋do。
例句1：If I were you，I would study hard．我要是你的话，我就会好好学习。（与现在事实相反）
例句2：If I had studied hard，I would have passed CET-6 last semester．我要是早就JcbRI好好学习的话，那么我上个学期就通过六级考试了。（与过去事实相反）
例句3：If Iwere to pass CET-6，I would treat you to dinner at KFC．我要是过了六级考试，就请你去吃肯德基。（与将来事实相反）
（二）省略／倒装
如果在虚拟从句中包含有一个助动词、情态动词、动词be或have，则可把if省略，把上类动词提到主语之前，使用倒装语序。
例句4：Had it not been for the PLA，we wouldn’t have been able to beat the flood．4要不是人民解放军，我们是无法战胜洪水的。
例句5：Were he here now，he would certainly help me．5他要是在这里肯定会帮我的忙。
注4：例句4中的从句部分出现了否定词not，如果把该句还原成正常语序，应该是：
If it hadn’t been for the PLA，we wouldn’t have been able to beat the flood．
但是一旦句子发生了省略，就必须把hadn’t分开，否定词not还原，放在主语之后，不可写成Hadn’t it been for的形式。
注5：在虚拟条件从句中，动词be在正常语序中常用were，在口语中，当主语是第一、第三人称单数时，可用was，但在if的倒装句中，必须用were。
（三）错综时间条件句
有时，从句和主句中所表示的动作发生的时间是不一致的，这时就要根据其所表示的时间来进行调整。
例句6：If I were you，I would have gone to see the doctor．我要是你，我早就去看病了。（从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反）
例句7：If you had gone to see the doctor，you would be all right now．你要早去看病，你现在就没事了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）
（四）含蓄条件句
虚拟的条件有时可以不用条件从句来表示，而是通过某些介词短语来表达。
例句8：But for the English test，I would have gone home this week．6要不是英语测试，我这个礼拜就回家了。
注6：除了but for（要不是）以外，能够表示虚拟条件的词和短语还包括：but that（要不是）、without（没有）、otherwise（否则）、or（不然）、under．．．circumstances（在……的情况下）、in the past（在过去）等等。
二、虚拟语气在其他从句中的用法
（一）宾语从句
1．wish后的宾语从句
例句9：I wish I were as young as you．7我希望自己像你一样年轻。
注7：wish从句后使用虚拟语气时，动词的形式根据所表示的时间概念而采用不同形式：过去时（与现在相反）、过去完成时（与过去事实相反）或过去将来时（与将来事实相反）。
2．would rather和would sooner后的宾语从句
两个词组都表示宁愿、宁可的意思，后面如用宾语从句，动词采用过去时（与现在或将来事实相反）或过去完成时（与过去事实相反）。
例句10：I’d rather I hadn’t met you．8我宁愿从来就没遇见过你。
英语虚拟语气
i:
最基本的虚拟语气句型:
1.
虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if
从句的谓语形式用动词的过
去式(be
一般用were)，主句用wou搜趣网ld/
should/
could/
might
+动词原形。
if
places
were
a
like,
there
would
be
little
need
for
geographers.
如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。
2.
虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if
从句的谓语形式用过去完成时
即had＋过去分词，主句用would
/
should
/
could
/
might
+
have
+过去分词。
if
he
had
known
your
address
yesterday,
he
would
have
telephoned
you.
3.
虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。if从句的谓
语形式用一般过去式或用were
to
/
should
+动词原形，主句用would
/
should
/could/
might
+动词原形。
if
he
were
to
leave
today,
he
would
get
there
by
friday
4.
省略if
采用倒装语序的条件句。
有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if
省去，而将had
,
should,
were
等
词
提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。
had
he
worked
harder,
he
would
have
got
through
the
exams.
were
he
to
leave
today,
he
would
get
there
by
friday.
were
i
in
your
place,
i
wouldn’t
do
that
5.
有时虚拟条件句并没来if
从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise,
or,
without,
but
for)、上下文或其它方
式来表示。
we
didn't
know
his
telephone
number;
otherwise
we
would
have
telephoned
him.
without
you
help,
i
wouldn’t
have
achieved
so
much.
but
for
your
help,
i
would
not
have
succeeded.
最基本的虚拟语气句型:
1.
虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if
从句的谓语形式用动词的过
去式(be
一般用were)，主句用wou搜趣网ld/
should/
could/
might
+动词原形。
if
places
were
a
like,
there
would
be
little
need
for
geographers.
如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。
2.
虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if
从句的谓语形式用过去完成时
即had＋过去分词，主句用would
/
should
/
could
/
might
+
have
+过去分词。
if
he
had
known
your
address
yesterday,
he
would
have
telephoned
you.
3.
虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。if从句的谓
语形式用一般过去式或用were
to
/
should
+动词原形，主句用would
/
should
/could/
might
+动词原形。
if
he
were
to
leave
today,
he
would
get
there
by
friday
4.
省略if
采用倒装语序的条件句。
有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if
省去，而将had
,
should,
were
等
词
提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。
had
he
worked
harder,
he
would
have
got
through
the
exams.
were
he
to
leave
today,
he
would
get
there
by
friday.
were
i
in
your
place,
i
wouldn’t
do
that
5.
有时虚拟条件句并没来if
从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise,
or,
without,
but
for)、上下文或其它方
式来表示。
we
didn't
know
his
telephone
number;
otherwise
we
would
have
telephoned
him.
without
you
help,
i
wouldn’t
have
achieved
so
much.
but
for
your
help,
i
would
not
have
succeeded.
英语造句…，虚拟语气…，懂的来…，要五句，急！
If I were a......,I would......If I were a child,I would go to the seaside. If I were a worker,I would work hard. If I were a single,I would enjoy the pleasure of singing If I were aorphan ,I would Practice perseverance If I were a student,I would Cherish the time
英语虚拟语气：
i:
最基本的虚拟语气句型:
1.
虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if
从句的谓语形式用动词的过
去式(be
一般用were)，主句用would/
should/
could/
might
+动词原形。
if
places
were
a
like,
there
would
be
little
need
for
geographers.
如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。
2.
虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if
从句的谓语形式用过去完成时
即had＋过去分词，主句用would
/
should
/
could
/
might
+
have
+过去分词。
if
he
had
known
your
address
yesterday,
he
would
have
telephoned
you.
3.
虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。if从句的谓
语形式用一般过去式或用were
to
/
should
+动词原形，主句用would
/
should
/could/
might
+动词原形。
if
he
were
to
leave
today,
he
would
get
there
by
friday
4.
省略if
采用倒装语序的条件句。
有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if
省去，而将had
,
should,
were
等
词
提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。
had
he
worked
harder,
he
would
have
got
through
the
exams.
were
he
to
leave
today,
he
would
get
there
by
friday.
were
i
in
your
place,
i
wouldn’t
do
that
5.
有时虚拟条件句并没来if
从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise,
or,
without,
but
for)、上下文或其它方
式来表示。
we
didn't
know
his
telephone
number;
otherwise
we
would
have
telephoned
him.
without
you
help,
i
wouldn’t
have
achieved
so
much.
but
for
your
help,
i
would
not
have
succeeded.
最基本的虚拟语气句型:
1.
虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if
从句的谓语形式用动词的过
去式(be
一般用were)，主句用would/
should/
could/
might
+动词原形。
if
places
were
a
like,
there
would
be
little
need
for
geographers.
如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。
2.
虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if
从句的谓语形式用过去完成时
即had＋过去分词，主句用would
/
should
/
could
/
might
+
have
+过去分词。
if
he
had
known
your
address
yesterday,
he
would
have
telephoned
you.
3.
虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。if从句的谓
语形式用一般过去式或用were
to
/
should
+动词原形，主句用would
/
should
/could/
might
+动词原形。
if
he
were
to
leave
today,
he
would
get
there
by
friday
4.
省略if
采用倒装语序的条件句。
有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if
省去，而将had
,
should,
were
等
词
提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。
had
he
worked
harder,
he
would
have
got
through
the
exams.
were
he
to
leave
today,
he
would
get
there
by
friday.
were
i
in
your
place,
i
wouldn’t
do
that
5.
有时虚拟条件句并没来if
从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise,
or,
without,
but
for)、上下文或其它方
式来表示。
we
didn't
know
his
telephone
number;
otherwise
we
would
have
telephoned
him.
without
you
help,
i
wouldn’t
have
achieved
so
much.
but
for
your
help,
i
would
not
have
succeeded.
请帮助分析几个英语虚拟语气句子
1 You _____ there by taxi yesterday, it is not far from here.（neednx27t have gone）用couldnx27t,shouldnx27t,mightnx27t have gone 不行嘛2 If you _____ any problem, please don’t hesitate t搜趣网o ask your teacher （have）if引导虚拟语气，从句谓语用过去式、过去完成式，没有用原形得，怎么回事3 If Alice _____ this afternoon, the meeting should be put off.答案有A. would not come B. might not come C. should not come D. couldwww.souquanme.com not come 怎么用了c ,另外，lf引导虚拟句，从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形，这里怎么用should4 www.souquanme.comThe librarian insists that John ___ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he had borrowed (take) insist表示“坚持某种说法”时，后面从句不用虚拟语气；表示“坚持认为”，后面用虚拟；用什么方法区分insist意义，免易混淆1.这个是根据意思的，你要知道这个四个的意思，needn't have done本不必做而做了 couldn't have done不可能做过某事 shoudn't ..本不该做而做了 mightn't..表示对过去事情的推测 所以根据句意这里用needn't （昨天你本不必做出租车来的，从那到这不远）
2.条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种，真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生：
If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气)
If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气) 故用have
3.主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后。would, might, could的大致区别是：would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。
条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小，常译为“万一”
万一Alice今天下午不来，会议会被取消 故用C
4.两者的区别是：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。 （而这里的从句中的内容是已经发生了的，是一个事实）
2.条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种，真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生：
If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气)
If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气) 故用have
3.主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后。would, might, could的大致区别是：would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。
条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小，常译为“万一”
万一Alice今天下午不来，会议会被取消 故用C
4.两者的区别是：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。 （而这里的从句中的内容是已经发生了的，是一个事实）
